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Biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the 2 types of carbs?

A

Simple sugars - soluble in water, one unit eg glucose…or 2 units eg maltose

Complex sugars

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1
Q

What do al carbs contain?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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2
Q

What is the main function of simple sugars?

A

To supply energy for respiration

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3
Q

What are complex carbs?

A

Longer chains of simple sugars - glucose

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4
Q

What is the reaction called when simple sugars join up to form complex?

A

Condensation

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5
Q

What is the reaction when simple sugars are split up from complex ones?

A

Hydrolysis reaction

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6
Q

What properties does starch have?

A

Complex carb
Large
Polysaccharide
Insoluble and doesn’t dissolve and get lost
Compact so lots of glucose can be stored
Not reactive (glucose more reactive)

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7
Q

In what way do animals store carbs?

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Branched so can be broken down quickly to release glucose

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9
Q

What is cellulose made of?

A

1000s of glucose molecules joined together

Can’t digest it

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10
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Many amino acids

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11
Q

What are amino acids made up of?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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12
Q

What are amino acids needed for?

A

Growth, repair and making enzymes

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13
Q

Where are amino acids found?

A

Cell membranes

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14
Q

What determines the shape of the protein?

A

The order of amino acids

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15
Q

What are lipids made up of?

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen 
Oxygen 
And 2 types of molecule;
Glycerol & fatty acids
16
Q

What are the 2 types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated- found in animals, solid at RT they are fats

Unsaturated- in plants, liquid at RT they are oils

17
Q

What are the functions of lipids

A

Store energy (more than carbs)
Insulation
Protection from impact (eg around your kidney)
For cell membrane

18
Q

What is the test for glucose?

A

Add Benedict’s solution to liquid at 90 degrees
Heat it
If present: colour change of blue to brick red

19
Q

What’s the test for starch?

A

Add iodine to solution

If present: Orange to blue black

Biology (14 decks)

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