Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 2 types of carbs?
Simple sugars - soluble in water, one unit eg glucose…or 2 units eg maltose
Complex sugars
What do al carbs contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What is the main function of simple sugars?
To supply energy for respiration
What are complex carbs?
Longer chains of simple sugars - glucose
What is the reaction called when simple sugars join up to form complex?
Condensation
What is the reaction when simple sugars are split up from complex ones?
Hydrolysis reaction
What properties does starch have?
Complex carb
Large
Polysaccharide
Insoluble and doesn’t dissolve and get lost
Compact so lots of glucose can be stored
Not reactive (glucose more reactive)
In what way do animals store carbs?
Glycogen
What is the structure of glycogen?
Branched so can be broken down quickly to release glucose
What is cellulose made of?
1000s of glucose molecules joined together
Can’t digest it
What are proteins made up of?
Many amino acids
What are amino acids made up of?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What are amino acids needed for?
Growth, repair and making enzymes
Where are amino acids found?
Cell membranes
What determines the shape of the protein?
The order of amino acids
What are lipids made up of?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen And 2 types of molecule; Glycerol & fatty acids
What are the 2 types of fatty acids?
Saturated- found in animals, solid at RT they are fats
Unsaturated- in plants, liquid at RT they are oils
What are the functions of lipids
Store energy (more than carbs)
Insulation
Protection from impact (eg around your kidney)
For cell membrane
What is the test for glucose?
Add Benedict’s solution to liquid at 90 degrees
Heat it
If present: colour change of blue to brick red
What’s the test for starch?
Add iodine to solution
If present: Orange to blue black
