Enzymes Flashcards
What kind of molecule is an Enzyme?
A protein molecule
An Enzyme is also described as?/Another name for an Enzyme is?
A Biological Catalyst
What exactly does an Enzyme do?
An enzyme speeds up chemical reactions in the body (hydrolysis reactions)
What is the name of the food substance an enzyme acts on?
Substrate
What are the three groups of enzymes in the digestive system?
Carbohydrases, Proteases and Lipases
Carbohydrases?
Breaks down Carbohydrates
Proteases?
Breaks down Proteins
Lipases
Breaks down fats/Lipids
Examples of Carbohydrases
Salivary amylase- substrate is starch
Pancreatic amylase- substrate is starch
Maltase- substrate is maltose
Sucrase- substrate is sucrose
Examples of Proteases
Pepsin- substrate is protein
Rennin- substrate is clotted milk
Trypsin- substrate polypeptide chains
Peptidase- substrate is shorter polypeptide
chains
Lipases
Fats and Lipids
Other Enzymes
Cellulase..
Catalase..
Cellulose
Hydrogen Peroxide
Give three characteristics of an enzyme
All Enzymes are proteins
Enzymes are required in a small amount
Enzymes are denatured or destroyed by high temperatures.
Name the poisons that destroys an enzyme
cyanide & arsenic.
Name the particular pH that enzymes work best at?
Optimum pH
What is a product?
the substance that is made due to the action of the enzyme
Substrate + Enzyme=
Substrate + Enzyme= Enzyme-Substrate Complex
What does pH stand for?
Potential of hydrogen
What is the mode of action in an Enzyme?
This describes the action of an enzyme during a reaction
What is the second description of an Enzyme mode of action?
Induced-fit hypothesis
What is the Induced-Fit Hypothesis?
The enzyme is induced to fit around the sub substrate molecule when its attached to the enzyme at the active site.
What two enzymes are affected in the same way by temperature ?
Catalase and Amylase
How does an enzyme behave at low temperature?
enzymes operate slowly
How does an enzyme behave at an increased temperature?
enzymes operate faster
How does an enzyme behave at optimum temperature?
enzymes operate the fastest/The reaction peaks at this temperature
How does an enzyme behave at a further increased temperature?
enzymes operate slowly as the enzyme molecule is disfigured and cannot attached to a substrate
How does an enzyme behave at an extremely high temperature?
enzymes become denatured/destroyed/ completely disfigured .The reaction can no longer occur hence its at 0
