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Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of molecule is an Enzyme?

A

A protein molecule

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2
Q

An Enzyme is also described as?/Another name for an Enzyme is?

A

A Biological Catalyst

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3
Q

What exactly does an Enzyme do?

A

An enzyme speeds up chemical reactions in the body (hydrolysis reactions)

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4
Q

What is the name of the food substance an enzyme acts on?

A

Substrate

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5
Q

What are the three groups of enzymes in the digestive system?

A

Carbohydrases, Proteases and Lipases

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6
Q

Carbohydrases?

A

Breaks down Carbohydrates

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7
Q

Proteases?

A

Breaks down Proteins

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8
Q

Lipases

A

Breaks down fats/Lipids

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9
Q

Examples of Carbohydrases

A

Salivary amylase- substrate is starch

Pancreatic amylase- substrate is starch

Maltase- substrate is maltose

Sucrase- substrate is sucrose

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10
Q

Examples of Proteases

A

Pepsin- substrate is protein

Rennin- substrate is clotted milk

Trypsin- substrate polypeptide chains

Peptidase- substrate is shorter polypeptide
chains

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11
Q

Lipases

A

Fats and Lipids

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12
Q

Other Enzymes
Cellulase..
Catalase..

A

Cellulose
Hydrogen Peroxide

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13
Q

Give three characteristics of an enzyme

A

All Enzymes are proteins
Enzymes are required in a small amount
Enzymes are denatured or destroyed by high temperatures.

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14
Q

Name the poisons that destroys an enzyme

A

cyanide & arsenic.

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15
Q

Name the particular pH that enzymes work best at?

A

Optimum pH

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16
Q

What is a product?

A

the substance that is made due to the action of the enzyme

17
Q

Substrate + Enzyme=

A

Substrate + Enzyme= Enzyme-Substrate Complex

18
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

Potential of hydrogen

19
Q

What is the mode of action in an Enzyme?

A

This describes the action of an enzyme during a reaction

20
Q

What is the second description of an Enzyme mode of action?

A

Induced-fit hypothesis

21
Q

What is the Induced-Fit Hypothesis?

A

The enzyme is induced to fit around the sub substrate molecule when its attached to the enzyme at the active site.

22
Q

What two enzymes are affected in the same way by temperature ?

A

Catalase and Amylase

23
Q

How does an enzyme behave at low temperature?

A

enzymes operate slowly

24
Q

How does an enzyme behave at an increased temperature?

A

enzymes operate faster

25
Q

How does an enzyme behave at optimum temperature?

A

enzymes operate the fastest/The reaction peaks at this temperature

26
Q

How does an enzyme behave at a further increased temperature?

A

enzymes operate slowly as the enzyme molecule is disfigured and cannot attached to a substrate

27
Q

How does an enzyme behave at an extremely high temperature?

A

enzymes become denatured/destroyed/ completely disfigured .The reaction can no longer occur hence its at 0

Biology (28 decks)

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