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Science > Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Changing free nitrogen so the nitrogen can form other elements

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2
Q

Pollution

A

Any change in the environment that is harmful to the living things in it

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3
Q

Fertilizer

A

Substance that enriches soil so plants can grow better

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4
Q

Septic Tank

A

Underground containeer where bacteria break down organic materials in sewage

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5
Q

Sewage Treatment PLant

A

Buildings containing special equitment to treat home wastes

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6
Q

Effluent

A

Wastewater released from factory or sewage plant

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7
Q

Storm Sewars

A

Large pipes that carry runoff from streets and yards

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8
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

fuel formed from dead plants and animals

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9
Q

Sour Gas

A

Natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide

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10
Q

Acid

A

Content that dissolves in water with a PH<7

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11
Q

pH

A

Measure of hydrogen ions in a solution

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12
Q

Base

A

Compound that dissolves water with a pH>7

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13
Q

Neutral

A

neutral substance, neither acid or base pH=7

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14
Q

Neutralization

A

reaction between an acid and a base to make a salt

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15
Q

Salt

A

compound produced by neutralization

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16
Q

organic compounds

A

compounds that contain carbon, anything with sugar

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17
Q

inorganic compounds

A

compounds that don’t contain carbon or hydrogen

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18
Q

inorganic compounds

A

compounds that don’t contain carbon or hydrogen

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19
Q

nutrients

A

element and compound that organisms need for living growing and reproducing

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20
Q

carbohydrates

A

organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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21
Q

lipids

A

organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, insoluble in water

22
Q

porteins

A

organic compounds made up of amino acids

23
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of protein

24
Q

nucleic acids

A

largest and most complicated molecules found in all the cells of living things

25
Q

diffusion

A

process when molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration

26
Q

osmosis

A

water molecules moving across a membrane of more molecules to less

27
Q

active transport

A

process in which plant molecules move nutrients from lower concentration to higher

28
Q

hydrolysis

A

reaction of a substance with water

29
Q

hydrolyzed

A

break down by water

30
Q

substrate

A

surface on which an organism lives or moves

31
Q

invertebrates

A

animals without backbones

32
Q

Parts per million (ppm)

A

measurement used to describe very small concentrations of of chemicals

33
Q

spring acid shock

A

concentration of acid that can dramatically lower the pH of water in a pond, lake,slough, etc

34
Q

LD50

A

lethal does 50, amount of a substance that causes 50% of a test group to die

35
Q

heavy metals

A

metals that have a density of 5 or higher

36
Q

sulfur dioxide

A

forms when sugar combines with oxygen in the air

37
Q

nitrogen oxides

A

when nitrogen combines with oxygen from fuel combustion, major air pollutant

38
Q

carbon monoxide

A

colourless, odourless gas; produced by incomplete combustion of chemicals containing carbon

39
Q

ground level ozone

A

colourless, odourless gas at ground level (O3)

40
Q

greenhouse gases

A

gases in earths atmosphere that traps the sun’s heat

41
Q

enhanced greenhouse effect

A

greenhouse gas effect made greater by human activities

42
Q

global warming

A

increased average temperature worldwide caused by enhance greenhouse effect

43
Q

water table

A

top of the groundwater zone

44
Q

groundwater

A

water that fills interconnected spaces in soil

45
Q

pores

A

tiny spaces between soil grains or mineral grains in rocks

46
Q

permeable

A

description of a substance that contains connected pores, fluids can flow through a permeable substance

47
Q

leachate

A

liquid that dissolves and carries substance as it passes through soil

48
Q

dilution

A

mixing of a substance with air or water, reducing the substance’s concentration

49
Q

biodegradation

A

breakdown of materials by earthworms, bacteria,fungi,etc

50
Q

aerobic

A

refers to processes or environment that needs or contains air

51
Q

anerobic

A

refers to process or environment that do not need or contain air

52
Q

biomagnification

A

increase of concentration in element as it moves up the food chain

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