Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere

Question 1

Biosphere

Answer 1

Where living organisms are found

Question 2

Stratosphere

Answer 2

Ozone layer

Question 3

Qualitative

Answer 3

Quality

Question 4

Quantitative

Answer 4

How much of something

Question 5

Extinct

Answer 5

Species that ceases to exist anywhere

Question 6

Endangered

Answer 6

Close to extinction in all or significant large area

Question 7

Extirpated

Answer 7

No longer exists in one part of country but exists in another

Question 8

Threatened

Answer 8

Likely to become endangered due to certain factors

Question 9

Of special concern

Answer 9

Any species that is at risk of low or declining numbers in areas of it’s range

Question 10

Indicator Species

Answer 10

A species sensitive to small changes in environment, Ex. lichens

Question 11

Keystone Species

Answer 11

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the environment relative to it’s abundance, Ex. sea otters

Question 12

Direct Rays

Answer 12

Energy from sun is concentrated and covers less surface area

Question 13

Indirect Rays

Answer 13

Energy from sun is less concentrated and is spread out over more surface are

Question 14

Insolation

Answer 14

Amount of solar energy recieved by the surface of a region is dependent on latitude, composition of spheres, and earth’s surface

Question 15

Inclination

Answer 15

Degree by which earth’s poles are tilted from perpendicular

Question 16

Equinox

Answer 16

Hemispheres recieve equal amounts of day and night

Question 17

Solstice

Answer 17

Hemishpere recieves most and least hours of daylight

Question 18

Orbit

Answer 18

Earth travels around the sun

Question 19

Rotation

Answer 19

Earth spinning on it’s axis

Question 20

Trophic Levels

Answer 20

A category of living things defined by how it gains energy

Question 21

Autotrophs

Answer 21

First trophic level - “self feeders” - produces their own nutrients from radiant energy and abiotic factors (producers)

Question 22

Photosynthetic Autotrophs

Answer 22

An organism that is capable of using light energy to synthesize sugars from CO2, Ex. green plants, algae, cyanobacteria

Question 23

Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

Answer 23

Uses the energy released by the chemical reactions from photosynthetic autotrophs to make sugar

Question 24

Heterotrophs

Answer 24

“Other feeders” - consumes organic molecules from other organisms (consumers)

Question 25

Herbivores

Answer 25

Organisms that feed on plants, primary consumers, second trophic level

Question 26

Carnivores

Answer 26

Organisms that feed on meat, secondary consumers, third trophic level

Question 27

Omnivore

Answer 27

organisms that feed on both plants and animals

Question 28

Decomposers

Answer 28

Organisms that break down dead or decaying matter, can't be put on trophic level

Question 29

Food Chain

Answer 29

A step by step sequence linking organisms that feed on other organisms, ecosystems are more complex as organisms depend on several other organisms (arrows show diection of energey transfer)

Question 30

Food web

Answer 30

Interconnecting food chains, shows the complexity of an ecosystem (arrows show direction of energy transfer)

Question 31

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 31

Energy is not created nor destroyed but transferred from one ecosystem to another

Question 32

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 32

As energy is tranferred, it loses thermal energy to it's surroundings

Question 33

Energy ______

Answer 33

Flows

Question 34

Matter ______

Answer 34

Cycles

Question 35

Earth is a ...

Answer 35

Closed system - elements are in limited quantity before they are reused

Question 36

Ecological Pyramids

Answer 36

Represents interactions of trophic levels in an ecosystem

Question 37

Loss of energy in ecological pyramids

Answer 37

- Growth and metabolism in each tier (thermal energy loss) - Incomplete digestion of material in previous tier - Not all matter is consumed from previous tier

Question 38

Rule of 10%

Answer 38

In ecological pyramids, only about 10% of energy available passes to next trophic level

Question 39

Pymaid of numbers (type of ecological pyramid)

Answer 39

Measures the number of organisms at each trophic level

Question 40

Pyramid of energy (type of ecological pyramid)

Answer 40

Measures the amount of energy at each trophic level

Question 41

Pyramid of biomass (type of ecological pyramid)

Answer 41

Measures the amount of biomass of the organism at each trophic level

Question 42

Biogeochemical Cycles

Answer 42

Moves matter through the biotic and abiotic world

Question 43

Hydrological Cycle (water cycle)

Answer 43

evaporation - condensation - precipitation - infiltration - runoff - transpiration - water table - storage (in atmosphere, ice, snow,freshwater, oceans)

Question 44

Infiltration

Answer 44

Water from surface entering soil

Question 45

Percolation

Answer 45

Movement of water through soil

Question 46

What is different about the phosphorous cycle compared to other cycles?

Answer 46

The phosphorous cycle does not include the atmosphere

Question 47

Biomagnifaction / bioamplifacation

Answer 47

The increase in concentration of a substance (pollutant) that occurs in the food chain from one link to the next

Question 48

Bioaccumulation

Answer 48

The increase in concentration of a substance (pollutant) in tissues of an organism

Question 49

Eutrophication

Answer 49

Characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to increased availability of one or more limiting factors, Ex. plant nutrients

Question 50

Biochemical Cycles

Answer 50

- water cycle - carbon cycle - nitrogen cycle - phosphorus cycle