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Head and Neck - Year 2 > ENT - Paediatrics > Flashcards

ENT - Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What history needs looked at in a child presenting with hearing loss?

A 
Ear symptoms (pain, discharge)
Speech development, performance
Behavioural problems
Maternal perinatal infections
Delivery issues
Neonatal infections, drugs, jaundice
Growth, immunisations, passive smoking, breast vs bottle feeding
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2
Q

What test for hearing loss is done in children 6-18 months?

A

Distraction test

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3
Q

What test for hearing loss is done in children 12 months - 3 years?

A

Visual reinforced audiometry

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4
Q

What test for hearing loss is done in children 3 - 5 years?

A

Play audiometry

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5
Q

What test for hearing loss is done in children 4 years +?

A

Pure tone audiometry

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6
Q

What tests are involved in objective assessment of the auditory system?

A

Otoacoustic emissions
Auditory brainstem responses
Tympanometry

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7
Q

When is otitis media with effusion most likely to occur?

A

80% before 10 years old

2 peaks: 2 years and 5 years old

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for otitis media with effusion?

A

Day care
Smoking
Cleft palate
Down syndrome

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9
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media with effusion?

A

Most improve by themselves within 3 months

> 3 months = hearing aids and GROMMETs

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10
Q

What are the symptoms for otitis media with effusion?

A 
Hearing loss
Speech delay
Behavioural problems
Academic decline
imbalance
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11
Q

What are the signs for otitis media with effusion?

A

Dull tympanic membrane
Fluid level
Bubbles

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12
Q

What are the causes of otitis media with effusion?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Adenoidal hypertrophy
Resolving acute otitis media

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13
Q

What are the treatments for otitis externa?

A

Aural microsuction
Topical antibiotics
Water precautions

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14
Q

At what age is acute otitis media common?

A

3-18 months

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15
Q

What is the microbiology for acute otitis media?

A

H. influenza
Strep pneumonia
Moraxella catarrhalis

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16
Q

How is acute otitis media treated?

A

Antibiotics (e.g. co-amoxiclav)

GROMMETs + adenoidectomy if recurrent

17
Q

When is chronic otitis media suspected in children?

A

Chronic discharging ear

Hearing loss even with GROMMETs

18
Q

What is the investigation for chronic otitis media?

A

CT scan

19
Q

What is the treatment for chronic otitis media?

A

Mastoidectomy

20
Q

What is the management for epistaxis?

A

First aid
Antibiotic ointments (naseptin, bactroban)
Cautery (silver nitrate under LA/diathermy under GA)
Nasal packing

21
Q

What history should be taken for a child with airway issues?

A

Foreign body history
Recent illness
Feeding problems
Stridor

22
Q

What are potential diagnoses of neck lumps?

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst
Branchial cyst
Cystic hygroma
Cervical lymphadenopathy

Head and Neck - Year 2 (14 decks)

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