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Head and Neck - Year 2 > Applied Anatomy and Physiology of the Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology of the Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the eye make up the fibrous coat?

A

Sclera
Cornea
Aqueous humor

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2
Q

What parts of the eye make up the vascular coat?

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

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3
Q

What part of the eye makes up the sensory coat?

A

Retina

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4
Q

What are the layers of the cornea from air to aqueous humor?

A
  1. Epithelium (stratified squamous non-keratinised)
  2. Bowman’s membrane (BM of epithelium)
  3. Stroma - collagen, NO blood vessels
  4. Descemet’s layer
  5. Endothelium (single layer)
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5
Q

How is transparency of the cornea maintained?

A
  1. Regular arrangement of collagen in stroma
  2. No blood vessels
  3. Endothelium cell layer has a pump that actively keeps aqueous humor out
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6
Q

Why is the avascularity of the cornea important in corneal transpants?

A

In graft surgery, there is a lesser chance of foreign antigens from the graft being recognised so less chance of rejection

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7
Q

What is the choroid made up of?

A

Fenestrated blood vessels of varying diameter

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8
Q

What is the role of the fenestrated blood vessels of the choroid?

A

Supply outer layers of the retina with blood by diffusion

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9
Q

What do the inner layers of the retina get blood from?

A

Branches of the central retinal artery

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10
Q

What is the lens?

A

Transparent, crystalline biconvex structure suspended by zonules from the ciliary body

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11
Q

Why is the lens predisposed to become opaque later in life?

A

Avascularity (required for transparency)

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12
Q

What is lens opacification called?

A

Cataract

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13
Q

What is layer 1 of the tear film?

A 
Mucinous layer (~30%)
Overlies corneal epithelium
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14
Q

What is layer 2 of the tear film?

A 
Aqueous layer (~69%)
Lies over mucinous layer
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15
Q

What is layer 3 of the tear film?

A 
Oily layer (<1%)
Most superficial
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16
Q

What are the 4 functions of the tear film?

A
  1. Keeps cornea moist
  2. Washes away foreign bodies
  3. Contains antibodies + lysozymes to kill microbes
  4. Smooth outer surface of cornea for smooth surface for refraction
17
Q

What dye can be used to see the tear film?

A

Fluorescein

18
Q

What nerve is responsible for secretion of tears into conjunctival sac?

A

CN VII

Parasympathetic

19
Q

How does the tear film mechanism work?

A

When blinking = sharp lower border of upper eyelid distributes tear film evenly
When eyes open = aqueous component of tears evaporate + oily later comes close to mucin layer
When 2 layers touch, tear film breaks up + stimulates further blinking

Head and Neck - Year 2 (14 decks)

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