ENT - OSA Flashcards
What is obstructive sleep apnoea?
Collapse of the pharyngeal airway
Causes episodes of apnoea during sleep (person periodically stops breathing for up to a few minutes)
Usually reported by partner and patient is unaware
List the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea.
- Middle age
- Male
- Obesity
- Alcohol
- Smoking
What are some features of obstructive sleep apnoea?
- Episodes of apnoea during sleep
- Snoring
- Morning headache
- Waking up unrefreshed from sleep
- Daytime sleepiness
- Concentration problems
- Reduced oxygen saturation during sleep
What severe complications can arise from obstructive sleep apnoea?
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Increased risk of myocardial infarction
- Stroke
What is the purpose of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale?
To assess symptoms of sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnoea
What is a crucial feature of OSA?
Daytime sleepiness
Patients that need to be fully alert for work e.g. HGV need urgent referral and may need amended work duties
What investigations are used in OSA?
Specialist sleep clinic - sleep studies
What is the first step in managing obstructive sleep apnoea?
Correct reversible risk factors
What lifestyle changes are recommended for managing obstructive sleep apnoea?
- Stop drinking alcohol
- Stop smoking
- Lose weight
What device is commonly used in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea?
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine
What does a CPAP machine do?
Provides continuous pressure to maintain the patency of the airway
What is the most common surgical procedure for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
What is involved in sleep studies for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Monitoring oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and breathing
