ENT Flashcards
Which 2 causes of dizziness do not have hearing loss?
BPPV & Vestibular neuritis
Beign Positional Vertigo(BPPV)
sx? tx?
vertigo w/o hearing loss, tinnitus, ataxia; triggered by changes in head position
tx: Dix-Hallpike & Meclizine
Vestibular neuritis
sx? tx?
inflammation fo the vestibular portion of CN8
tx: meclizine
Labyrinthitis & Meniere’s Disease
sx? tx?
inflammation of the chochlear portion of the inner ear = hearing loss, tinnitus
Labyrinthitis =Meclizine &steroids
Menieres(aka recurrent/chronic labyrinthitis) = salt restriction & diuretics like Acetozolamide
Acoustic Neuroma
sx? dx? tx?
sx: CN8 tumor causing hearing loss, tinnitis, vertigo & ATAXIA
dx: MRI
tx: surgery
Perilymph Fistula
sx? tx?
sx: hx of barotrauma, ruptured tympanic membrane causing leaking fluid = hearing loss, vertigo
tx: fix surgically
Otitis Externa
sx? tx?
itching, drainage = cellulitis of the ear
tx: Ciprofloxacin or other FQ ear drops + hydrocortisone & acetic acid water solution
Malignant Otitis Externa
sx? dx? tx?
otitis externa that has hit bone and is basically osteomyelitis
dx: MRI
tx: surgical debridement & psuedomonas abx(ciprofloxacin, pipercillin, cefepime, carbapenem or aztreonam)
Mastoiditis
sx? dx? tx?
infection of the mastoid ear cells
sx: hx of otitis media, red + tender skin over the mastoid process, can cause deafness & meningitis if not tx
dx: MRI, Bx
tx: Ceftriaxone or Levofloxacin
Cerumen Impaction
sx? tx?
earwax in ear causing hearing loss, earache(pressure), ear fullness, dizziness, tinnitus
tx: remove wax w/ hydrogen peroxide or jet of water
Caverous Sinus Thrombosis
sx? tx?
sinusitis pressure causes thrombosis in cavernous sinus = Fever, HA, Ptosis & proptosis + CN3,4,6 & internal carotid A problems.
dx: MRI or CT
tx:
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
sx? tx?
granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus w/opthalmoplegia
sx: looks just like CVT! “sinusitis pressure causes thrombosis in cavernous sinus = Fever, HA, Ptosis & proptosis + CN3,4,6 & internal carotid A problems.”
tx: steroids
Lemierre Syndrome/Septic Jugular Thromopheblitis
sx? tx? dx?
infection in the neurovascular bundle in your neck
dx: neck CT
tx: “amp/sulback or Pip/tazo + metro or clinda”
Ludwig Angina
sx? tx? dx?
cellulitis of the flooor of your mouth = swelling, difficulty breathing
dx: CT
tx: intubation + “amp/sulback or Pip/tazo + metro or clinda”
Sialolithiasis
sx? dx? tx?
sx: post prandial pain and swelling of the salivary glands due to stone
dx: U/S or CT
tx: Sialoendocopy, if infection = amp/sulbac
