ANTIBIOTICS OMG Flashcards
which monobactam can be used to tx pseudmonas/gram - coverage & has NO CROSS RXN WITH PCN = safe in those will allergy?
AZTREONAM
what 3 drugs are SPECIFIC for Streptococcus?
Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
*adding a B-lactamase inhibitor to this will not cover MRSA
GRAM - Gut bacteria(cholecystis, UTI, Pyelo, bowl): Ecoli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter infection tx w/….
quinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, piperacillin, ticarcillin, aztreonam, cephalosporins
Doxycycline is excellent for…
chlamydia, lyme(not cns), 7th CN palsy(not cns), minor MRSA of the skin, rickettsia
how do you treat severe MSRA?
Vancomycin, linezolid, CEFTAROLINE
why dnt we give neonates ceftriaxone?
bc they have impaired biliary metabolism = needs time to develop
prego women with cystitis tx?
Nitrofurantoin
why dont we use methacillin anymore?
causes intersitial nephritis
1/2 syphilis if allergic to PCN?
doxy!
what drug can you use if hte person has a PCN allergy but only gets rashes?
cephalosporins
PCN allergy but has major infection needing PCN. tx?
Vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin
2 cephalosporins with natural pseudomonas coverage?
ceftazidime, cefepime
side fx of quinolones?
bone growth abnormalities = dnt use in kids or prego’s! & Tendonitis/achiles tendon rupture
*likes to go to bone! = great for osteomyelitis
which cephalosporins increase risk of bleeding via depletion of prothrombin?
cefoxitin + cefotetan =2nd gen w/anaerobic coverage used to tx PID
doxy side fx?
tooth discoloration(children), photosensitivity, esophagitis
what is red man syndrome?
rapid infusion of vancomycin releases histamine causing pt to turn red = slow the infusion of vancomycin to avoid this
Tx of PID?
Cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxy
*this is bc both cef will cover anaerobes!
which quinolones also cover pseudomonas?
levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin
TMP-SMX can be used for…
cystitis, pneumocystis, minor MSRA of the skin
side fx of TMP-SMX
rash, hemolysis(G6PD), Bone marrow suppression(folate antagonist)
aminoglycosides good against anaerobes?
nope!
adding a B-lactam to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin & PCN will add coverage to what….
will now cover staph in addition to strep.
what drug would you use to treat abdominal anaerobes?
Metronidazole > all carbapenems, piperacillin & ticarcillin
*metro is preferred though but all work
Tx of stage 1 lyme, stage 2 and stage 3?
stage 1 = amoxicillin or doxy
stage 2 = doxy
stage 3/cns shit, heart = ceftriaxone
which two strep drugs also cover anaerobes?
piperacillin and ticarcillin
tx of uncomplicated pyelonephritis/cystitis due to ecoli?
CIPROFLOXACIN = great gram - coverage
what are teh only cephalosporins that cover anaerobes?
cefotetan & cefoxitin
what antibiotics have NO anaerobic covers?
aminoglycosides, aztreonam, FQ, Oxacillin/nafcillin and all cephalosporins EXCEPT Cefoxitin & Cefotetan which do cover anaerobes
which cephalosporin is 1st line for pneumococcus(meningitis & CAP, gonorrhea)
ceftriaxone
*also tx lyme of the heart or brain!
Which cephalosporin is the only one that covers MSRA & some gram -‘s?
Ceftaroline (5th gen)
which cephalosporin can be given to neonates & ppl with bacterial peroitonitis? why?
cefotaxime = doesnt mess with the liver!
which cephalosporin messes will biliary metabolism?
ceftriaxone = dnt use in babies or ppl with liver shit use Cefotaxime instead
Piperacillin/tazobactam coverage?
gram -, anaerobes and ENTEROCOCCI = gut shit
PCN allergy tx with minor infections
macrolides(azithromycin, clarithromycin), clindamycin, TMP/SMX
how do you treat minor infections of MSRA? (ex: cellulitis)
TMP/SMX, Clindamycin, Doxycycline
what drug do we used to tx lyme of the heart or the brain?
ceftriaxone
girl whos taking phenylzine(or selegaline) comes in with a severe MSRA infection. She gets treatment and develops serotonin syndrome. What was she treated with?
Linezolid = causes thrombocytopenia and interfears with MAOI’s
PCN alternate for person who gets anaphylaxis to PCN
clindamycin or Linezolid
side fx of aminoglycosides?
nephrotoxic + ototoxic
what is the only carbepenem that doesnt cover pseudomonas?
ertapenem!
*imipenem, meropenem & doripenem all cover pseudomonas
which drugs can be used to tx PCN resistant CAP?
FQs
drugs that cover pseudomonas(9)
gentamicin, Pip-tazo, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, tobramycin, meropenem, doripenem
Which drugs cover anaerobes?
PCN(amp, amox), Clindamycin(URI only), metro, pipacillin, carbapenems, cefoxitin, cefotetan
drug of choice for respiratory anaerobes?
clindamycin
how do you treat MSSA(methacillin sensitive staph aureus)? IV? PO?
IV: oxacillin/nafcillin or cefazolin
PO: dicloxacillin or cephalexin
