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year 2 misc > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to skin of the face?

A

Trigeminal

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2
Q

What does the stapedius do?

A

When contracts pulls the stapes posteriorly and dampens down vibration of ossicles: useful in loud situations

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3
Q

What nerve passes near the mastoid

A

facial

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4
Q

What is the tensor tympani innervated by?

A

Nerve to tensor tympani: a branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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5
Q

Describe a vestibular schawannoma and its presentation?

A

benign subarachnoid tumour of CN VIII causing local pressure effects causing unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. A progressive disease. MRI performed to rule out malignancy. Surgical excision

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6
Q

What size do vestibular schwannomas have to be for surgical excision?

A

OVer 40mm
If under repeat MRI every 6 months

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7
Q

What does the chorda tympani do

A

Special sensation- Carries taste sensation from anterior portion of the tongue
Parasymp- submandibular and sublingual

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8
Q

What does the vagus nerve pass out of

A

Jugular foramen

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9
Q

What is the first branch of the vagus nerve

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate

A

The cricothyroid muscle which helps adduct the vocal cords

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11
Q

What does the inferior laryngeal nerve do

A

motor innervation to intrinsic laryngeal muscles and sensory to larynx

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12
Q

most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting days/weeks

A

Labrynthitis and vestibular neuronitis

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13
Q

first line treatment for persistent otitis media with effusion

A

grommet insertion

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14
Q

Other than antibiotics what treatment for severe tonsilitis

A

Steroids

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15
Q

Lump between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone

A

Thyroglossal cyst

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16
Q

neck lump associated with dysphagia, aspiration and chronic cough

A

pharyngeal pouch

17
Q

pulsatile neck lump

A

carotid anuersym

18
Q

What verterbral level is the cricoid cartilage

A

c6

19
Q

what vertebral level is the hyoid cartilage

A

c3

20
Q

what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage

A

c4/5/6

21
Q

What is seen in glandular fever

A
  • Gross tonsillar enlargement with membranous exudates
  • Marked cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Generalised lymphadenopathy
  • Palatal petchial haemorrahages
  • Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hepatitis
  • Rash
22
Q

What is seen on blood film of glandular fever

A

atypical lymphocytes
paul-bunnel test can be used

23
Q

Where does ophthalmic branch enter enter the skull

A

Travels along lateral wall of cavernous sinus through superior orbital fissure

24
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve enter the skull

A

Inferior to V1 along cavernous sinus exit at foramen rotundum

25
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve enter the skull

A

Does not pass through cavernous sinus, exits at foramen ovale

25
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve enter the skull

A

Does not pass through cavernous sinus, exits at foramen ovale

26
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Reactivation of varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve causing a facial nerve palsy and vesicular rash. MM- aciclovir and corticosteroids

27
Q

What does the tensor tympani attach to

A

the malleus

28
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis innervate

A

Ansa cervicalis muscles:

GHost THought SOmeone Stupid Shot Irene

GenioHyoid
ThyroidHyoid
Superior Omohyoid
SternoThyroid
SternoHyoid
Inferior Omohyoid

29
Q

Classical symptoms of cholesteatoma

A

Recurrent aural discharge, assymetrical hearing loss.

Potentially facial weakness due to facial nerve involvement and dizziness and nystagmus from choleastoma eroding into the semi-circular canals

History of previous surgery is key risk factor

30
Q

Which thyroid malignancy cannot be diagnosed with fine needle aspiration

A

Follicular carcinoma

31
Q

What is the dix hallpike manouver

A

Test for BBPV:

  1. Patient sits up with head turned to 45 degrees to one side
  2. Lie patient down with head over the bed and look for nystagmus
  3. Repeat on contralateral side
32
Q

ABX for tonsilitis

A

Phenoxymethypenicillin

33
Q

How can the vagus nerve be tested

A

asking the patient to phonate and observing for a symmetrical rise in the palate and uvula due to vagus nerve supplying motor innervation to the soft palate

34
Q

Nerves of the gag reflex

A

Afferent: glossopharyngeal
Efferent: Vagus

35
Q

What is the lingual nerve

A

A terminal branch of the mandibular nerve
Supplies sensory innervation to anterior 2/3rds of mouth and floor of mouth
Also carries fibres of taste sensation from the chorda tympani from the anterior 2/3rds of the mouth via chorda tympani

36
Q

Osteosclerosis affects which bone

A

Stapes

year 2 misc (12 decks)

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