ENR 1.5 Flashcards
Is airspace designed for complete containment of flights?
What about min climb gradients/MSA?
No, airspace is designed for 5% gradient (if not specified) for arrivals. Therefore controlled airspace may not contain tolerances for dept, approach or holds.
Min climb gradients and MSA are also not guaranteed.
Does a VORSEC chart display MSA or MRA?
Displays the higher of the 2
Can you take off on a RWY without a promulgated IFR departure?
Yes, if a secondary RWY with IFR minima (but without a dept procedure). Pilot must T/O by day only provided they can visually maintain terrain clearance until on promulgated IFR track and maintain adequate climb gradient to ensure obstacle clearance.
When should the pilot intercept the specified track after takeoff?
By the shortest practicable means (minimum 400ft AGL before turn unless otherwise specified)
Can visual departures be requested to route/report visual reporting points?
Yes, so a VNC should be carried
Describe the climb in an evaluated climb sector for:
- climb across 2 segments
- radial dividing 2 segments
- buffer between segments
Must climb at the higher climb gradient of the 2 segments if required to fly through both to intercept track.
May fly at the lower climb gradient if on a radial dividing 2 segments.
5* buffer for flying out of the segment
How is Xtrack error defined as under RNP?
What is the maximum error tolerance?
RNAV computed flight path and the a/c position relative to the required flight path.
Xtrack error should be no more than 1/2 the required nav accuracy (1/2 full scale deflection)
What a/c must be….. before leaving an evaluated climb sector?
EST on evaluated route, est on climb above VORSEC step, est in Radar control at or above min Radar contour level or at/above MSA
Calculation for RoC and ft/nm.
What is the standard climb gradient?
RoC (ft/min)= 1.013 x GS x gradient
Ft/nm= (RoC x 60)/GS
3.3% or 200ft/nm
What is the max IAS during 15* turns in a SID? What other procedure assumes 15* at a minimum?
120kt (A)
165kt (B)
Missed approach procedure
Max IAS for holding patterns in normal/turbulent conditions?
At/below 14,000ft: N; 170kt (A/B) or else 230kt
T; 170kt (A/B) or else 280kt
Speed may be 280kt whenever if ATC clearance is obtained and they monitor for terrain clearance
What is an onwards clearance time? What about expected approach time?
OCT: time a/c can expect to leave hold pattern location when the HP is not an initial approach fix (enroute hold)
EAT: if an a/c is expected to hold at an initial approach fix and delay is expected to exceed 5 min then EAT will be given (approach hold)
When does the outbound leg of a hold pattern begin?
How long are they to be flown?
What is the angle of bank to be flown?
From abeam the holding fix or end of turn onto outbound leg (latest). At/below 14,000ft 1min Above 14,000ft 1.5min Unless length is specified 25* or 3*per sec (lesser)
What is a/c category based off? Can an a/c use other a/c categories?
V(at) or threshold crossing speed. 1.3xVso (in landing configuration) at MCLW
A less 91kt
B inc 91-121kt
No, must not reduce due to reduced operating weight.
Yes, must increase category if handling speeds are in excess of those for the category.
What is the missed approach climb gradient & obstacle clearance height?
2.5% or 150ft/min with an obstacle clearance height of 98ft
What terrain clearance does DME arc provide?
Not less 1000ft terrain clearance +/-2.5nm of the arc
What is the radii for circling minima for different categories of a/c?
This is to provide obstacle clearance
A 1.68 nm
B 2.66 nm
How to calculate remote QNH?
When is it not to be used?
Add 5ft to MDA for every nm in excess of 5nm from QNH at known AD.
Not to be used in RNAV (RNP) approaches or in baro LNAV/VNAV minima or when “local QNH only stated”
What is MSA, MRA, MEA & MFA?
MSA: Min safe alt to provide safe terrain clearance
MRA: Min reception alt for VOR reception
MEA: Min enroute alt for NDB reception
MFA: Highest value of MSA, MRA, MEA & danger areas that complies with cruise levels. Is the lowest useable altitude.
When does a SID terminate?
When established enroute… which is above MSA on track
Can offset entry be done in all types of hold?
No, if NAVAID is not fix, unable to do offset, unless you have GPS
When is the hold entry complete?
When (3) cross fix.
1/2 entry procedure complete and cross fix.
List the speeds for procedural calculations for A/B cat a/c
Refer to notes for diagram and foot notes below
If you are cleared for a STAR are you cleared for descent and an instrument approach?
What about for an approach? Always?
You are not cleared for a descent or approach when cleared for an arrival, it can only be assumed if an instrument approach clearance is obtained.
However there may be restrictions on the descent… if restriction is in place before a visual reporting point: reported/known cloud base must be +1000ft above descent restriction, 8km vis and reason for restriction.
