England - “The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled.”

Question 1

In sum, what does this article discuss?

Answer 1

there has been dramatic progress in movement toward gender equality, but, in recent decades, change has slowed and on some indicators stalled entirely.

Question 2

How has employment for women trended in recent years?

Answer 2

rose from 70s to 2000s then plateaued / declined around the recession

long-term trend for men has been slowly
downward, from 91% in 1970 to 84% in 2018

Question 3

Is the stall in employment seen no matter what level of education you have?

Answer 3

Yes, the stall in progress in gender
equality on employment is seen at all educational levels.

Importantly: the drop has been much greater among those who are high school graduates but do not have a college degree

Question 4

How have earnings changed over the last few decades?

Answer 4

conclusion of continuing but slowed progress is reached across measures and across samples

Question 5

Is gender inequality in pay is more
extreme toward the top, middle, or bottom (% of earners)?

Answer 5

our measure of gender inequality, rose more for those at the bottom than the top

Question 6

What does their analysis overall show?

Answer 6

substantial reductions in gender inequality on all indicators.

However, on every indicator considered, women’s progress relative to men has slowed, and in some cases progress has stalled entirely.

Question 7

Women are behind men in every measure but one. Which is it?

Answer 7

educational attainment, where women are now ahead of men

Question 8

What is the trend seen in each measure? (earnings, job occupation, etc)

Answer 8

a slowdown or stall has occurred at a time when there was still substantial gender inequality favoring men

Question 9

At what % do women stall out at?

Answer 9

= 70 to 75%

Question 10

Is there segregation in doctoral degrees?

Answer 10

segregation went from 0.35 in 1970 to a low of 0.18 in 1987 and has hovered slightly higher since.

In neither case has there been any
net reduction in segregation for over 20 y

Question 11

How is asymmetry in behavioral change by women and men reflected in cultural attitudes?

Answer 11

There is still a strong norm eschewing anything but full-time paid work for husbands;

this creates pressure on women to do more family work than men