Blau, Francine and Laurence M. Kahn. 2017. “Analysis: Why Women Continue to Make Less Than Men.” Flashcards
How have women’s wages changed since the 1980s
But the largest improvement in women’s wages relative to men’s happened during the 1980s and progress has been slower and more uneven since then
What played an important role in reducing the wage gap?
Women surpassed men in education and nearly caught up with them in terms of
work experience,
How has sex segregation by job changed?
: Women have branched out from teaching or nursing and become
more prevalent in traditionally male-dominated law, medicine and engineering.
However, reductions in occupational segregation by sex seem to have plateaued
or slowed since the 1990s
Is there a glass ceiling?
- Women at the top of the income distribution made less progress in narrowing the gap
- difficult to determine whether the lower pay and scarcity of women at the top is due to the fact that women are relative newcomers and it takes time to move through the ranks or whether there are particular barriers to their advancement that present a “glass ceiling.”
a large percentage of the gender wage gap cannot be explained by differences
in the observable characteristics between men and women,
what does this imply?
discrimination (not just traits keeping women from advancing)
ex. symphony orchestras began to adopt
“blind” auditions for musicians — in which a screen is used to conceal the
identity of the candidate — it substantially increased the probability that women
would advance out of preliminary rounds and be winners in the final round.
how do Gender roles and the gender division of labor within the family continue to impact women’s work?
- Motherhood wage penalty
- Women also leave job market for family reasons more then men
- Men also determine where the family lives (they get an advantage over their wives - wife might be in a spot she gets paid less)
