Engine Theory Flashcards
Describe an intake stroke.
Intake valve opens, piston begins to move downward direction 180 degree, air/fuel mixture is drawn in to the combustion chamber.
Describe the compression stroke.
Both valves close, piston moves in upward direction to 360 degree, air fuel is compressed.
Describe the power stroke.
Both valves remain closed, air fuel mixture is ignited, due to combustion forces the piston travel in a downward direction towards 540 degree
Describe the exhaust stroke.
Exhaust valve opens, piston moves in an upward direction to 720 degree, burnt gases are pushed out of the cylinder.
Describe cylinder block.
Holds all the other engine parts.
Describe the cylinder.
A round hole bored (machined) into the block, it is responsible for guiding piston movement.
Describe the piston.
Transfers energy of combustion (burning of air fuel mixture) to the connecting rods.
Describe the connecting rods.
Links the piston to the crankshaft and transfers power from the piston to the crankshaft.
Describe the crankshaft.
Changes the reciprocating (up and down) motion of the piston and connecting rod to useful rotary (spinning) motion.
Describe the combustion cylinder.
Is a small cavity in the cylinder head in which the burning of the air fuel mixture occurs. It is located between the top of the cylinder and the bottom of the cylinder head.
Describe the valves.
Open and close to control the flow of the air fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and the flow of the exhaust out of the combustion chamber.
Describe the camshaft
Controls the opening of the valves.
Describe the valve springs.
Keeps the valves closed when they do not need to be open.
Describe the rocker arms.
Transfers camshaft action to the valves.
Describe the lifters.
Ride on the camshaft and transfer motion to the other part of the valve train.
Describe the flywheel.
Helps keep the crankshaft turning smoothly.
Describe the inline block engine configuration.
Cylinders are arranged in a straight line. Can be mounted transversely or longitudinally.
What cylinder designs do Inline block engine configurations come in?
4,5,6 and 8 cylinder designs
Describe the v-block engine configuration.
Cylinders are arranged in a V configuration. They can be mounted transversely or longitudinally.
What cylinder design do the V-block engine configuration come in?
2 (motorcycle), 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 cylinder configurations
The internal combustion engine is a device which…
Transforms the burning of air and fuel into mechanical energy.
What are the two types of internal combustion engines?
Spark ignition gasoline engine, and the compression ignition Diesel engine.
What are the four stroke cycles of an engine?
Intake stroke, compression Stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke.
Describe a supercharger.
Is an air compressor that increases the pressure of density of air supplied to an engine. This gives each intake cycle of the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and do more work, thus increasing power.
Describe a turbocharger.
It’s a gas compressor used to force air into an engine. It increases the amount of air entering the engine to create more power. Turbocharger has the compressor charged by a turbine.
What is the abbreviation for carbon monoxide?
CO
What is the abbreviation for oxides of nitrogen?
NOX
What is the abbreviation for hydrocarbons?
HC
Definition of carbon monoxide.
Is an extremely toxic omission that results from the release of partially Burnt fuel. It is due to the incomplete combustion of a petroleum based fuel. It is a odourless, tasteless, and colourless, but deadly gas. It can cause headaches nausea breathing problems and even death if inhaled.
Definition of particulates.
Are the solid particles of soot and fuel additives that blow out of a car’s tail pipe.
Definition of oxides of nitrogen.
Are emissions produced by extremely high temperatures during combustion. These vehicle emissions produce the dirty brown colour in smog.
Definition of hydrocarbons.
Results from the release of unburned fuel into the atmosphere. These vehicle emissions can be caused by incomplete combustion or fuel evaporation.
What is a plastigage used for?
Used for measuring bearing clearances
What is a straight edge and feel gauge used for?
Used for checking cylinder head or block for warpage.
What is a micrometer and dial bore gage used for?
Used for measuring the cylinders for taper and out of round.
