Engage Cross-Culturally Flashcards
A very important skill set to obtain and maintain in the army is
The ability to build and maintain cultural resiliency
Cultural resiliency is defined as
The ability to adapt to a culture other than your own, while maintaining your own cultural identity
Definition of culture
Culture is a system of shared values, beliefs, and behaviors and norms people use to cope with both their physical and social environments, which is learned through interacting with others
Definition of engagement
Engagement is interpersonal interactions by soldiers and leaders with audiences in an area of operation (FM3-13)
Soldier and leader engagement provides a venue for
Building relationships
Solving conflicts
Conveying information
Calming fears
Refuting, rumors, lies or incorrect information 
The four interrelated areas of culture
The VBBN Model
Types of culture
Norms of interaction
Behaviors
What is VBBN
Values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms
Values
Or ideas of right and wrong
Other name for values
Guiding principles or ideals
Beliefs
Beliefs are a few of reality shared by a group
Behaviors
Behaviors are observable patterns of action
Norms
Norms are a range of permissible behaviors established by a group
What is a framework of a culture
VBBN
In culture throughout the world, they can probably be classified by
Communication style (context sensitivity) and their degree of dependence (individualism/collectivism)
What are the two terms used to describe broadbrush communication differences between societies?
High context and low context
Can one ever say that culture is always high or low context? T or F
False- one can never say that because societies contain both modes
What is high context communication?
We’re understanding of a situation or meaning is conditioned or learned
Examples of high context, cultural situations
Family gatherings or US military memorial services
Low context communication
Where understanding of a situation or meaning is made accessible in surroundings
Individualism
Identifies primarily with self.
What is collectivism?
When one’s identity is in large part, a function of one’s membership and role in a group
What are the norms? (FRESH-T)?
Fate
Roles
Emotions
Space
Honor
Time
What is fate?
Is the culturally-based concept that everything that occurs is already inevitably predetermined, and cannot be altered based on human actions
What may fate be also viewed as?
Destiny
What are different varieties of roles? 
Gender
Age
Kinship
Economic status
What is emotion in cultures?
Displaying emotions differ from culture to culture
Different type of “space” interaction within cultures
- private space v. public space
- interpersonal contact
- eye contact
- seating arrangements for negotiations
- spatial preferences to age, gender, generation, social economical class and context
What are the two perspective related to time?
Monochronic and polychronic
What is monochronic time?
The approach to time is linear, sequential, and involves focusing on one thing at a time
What is polychronic time?
Involves simultaneous occurrences of many things and the involvement of many people
What are the behaviors in interaction?
Verbal, nonverbal, and communication styles
What expression is important to remember when communicating verbally?
“Lost in translation “
What are the qualities in speech?
Volume, inflection, and cadence
What are the communication styles? (TARDI-D)
Task focused
Attached
Relationship focused
Direct
Indirect
Detached
What is cultural self-awareness
The knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding American culture that enable individuals to adapt effectively in cross-cultural environments
What does cultural, self-awareness encompass?
US social, military and interagency culture and includes any potential cultural biases that may exist
What consist in rapport?
Understanding, respect, and trust
What are the stages in the leader engagement cycle?
- Identify key leader or entity
- Intelligence preparation of the environment.
- Identify desired effects.
- Prepare.
- Execute.
- Debrief/report (AAR)
- Reengage.
What are the three phases in conflict resolution/negotiation process?
- Prepare.
- Implement.
- Evaluate.
What is the definition of negotiation?
Is a communication process between two or more parties
What is aspiration point?
Inspiration point is the best each party hopes to get out of a negotiated agreement. What each party desires to achieve.
What is reservation point? A.k.a. bottom line.
It is the least favorable option or offer either side might accept
Best Alternative To A Negotiated Agreement (BATNA)
The option a negotiating party might execute should the negotiation fail.
What are the keys to determining a valid BATNA?
- An option you can execute unilaterally.
- It must be a real option.
- It must be perceived as credible by your negotiating counterpart.
What is Zone Of Possible Agreement? (ZOPA)
The area between each parties, aspiration and reservation points defines their own bargaining range. Meaning an area of common interest
Where are the negotiation strategies?
Distributive and integrative
What is the distributive category also known as?
“Value claiming”
The zero sum approach can be executed through three negotiating strategies
“ comply, quote”, “insist”, or “settle”
What is interest base negotiation? (IBN)
An integrative approach, focusing on relationships
The essential component of IBN
Separate the people from the problem
Focus on the interest not a position
Determine BATNA
Brainstorm for mutual Gaines
Use objective criteria to measure furnace or reasonableness of the agreement
