Energy systems in muscle cells Flashcards

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1
Q

During exercise

A

Breathing rate and volume of each breath increases to bring more o2 and remove co2

heart rate increases, so blood supplies muscles with more o2 quicker and remove co2 quicker

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2
Q

If insufficient o2 (rigorous exercise)

A

heart and lungs unable to supply muscles with sufficient o2.

As a result, muscle cells cannot support ETC, so respire anaerobically. Instead of co2 , water and ATP being produced, pyruvate converts to lactate. - continue to contract but less efficiently

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3
Q

Anaerobic conditions in glycolysis

A

Hydrogen ions transferred from NADH to pyruvate to form lactate

A lot less ATP produced

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4
Q

Oxygen debt: long periods of vigorous activity

A

lactate levels accumulate - oxygen debt

glycogen reserves in muscles become low as more glucose is used for respiration, and additional glucose transported from liver

as body stores of glycogen become low, person suffers from muscle fatigue

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5
Q

lactate is taken where after exercise

A

liver by blood

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6
Q

Lactate when taken to liver

A

oxidised to carbon dioxide and water

converted to pyruvate and glucose, then glycogen - glycogen levels in liver and muscles can be restored

REQUIRES OXYGEN

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7
Q

Taking in amount of oxygen required to remove lactate and replace body’s reserves of oxygen is called?

A

repaying oxygen debt

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8
Q

different types of muscle fibres

A

cardiac muscle

involuntary muscles - internal organs

voluntary muscles

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9
Q

skeletal muscle fibres

A

fast-twitch fibres
slow-twitch fibres

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10
Q

Fast-twitch fibres:
speed of contraction
length of contraction
activity
generate atp
mitochondria
blood supply
myoglobin concentration
storage fuel

A

contract quickly

short periods of time

sprinting

generate ATP by glycolysis only

few mitochondria

low blood supply

myoglobin supply low

storage fuel - glycogen

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11
Q

Slow-twitch fibres:
speed of contraction
length of contraction
activity
generate atp
mitochondria
blood supply
myoglobin concentration
storage fuel

A

slowly
long period
long distance running
aerobic respiration
many mitochondria
large blood supply
high myoglobin concentration
fats is fuel

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