Blood Glucose and Obesity

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

Needed by cells for respiration. Important that concentration of glucose in blood is maintained at constant level and controlled carefully.

Question 2

Chronic elevated glucose level

Answer 2

lead to epithelial cells lining blood vessels to absorb far more glucose than normal - can cause atherosclerosis and blood vessel damage

Question 3

Macrovascular Disease

Answer 3

Damage to large blood vessels

can lead to cvd, stroke, peripheral vascular disease

Question 4

Microvascular disease

Answer 4

damage to small blood vessels

can leaad to haemorrhaging of blood flow ini retina - blindness

renal failure

peripheral nerve dysfunction

Question 5

Insulin is produced where?

Answer 5

Pancreas

Question 6

What does insulin do?

Answer 6

Regulates glucose concentration in blood

Question 7

If blood glucose too high what produces what

Answer 7

pancreas produces insulin

Question 8

Excess glucose stored where

Answer 8

body fat

liver and muscle cells convert excess glucose to glycogen for storage and use at later date

Question 9

low glucose

Answer 9

pancreas - insulin not secreted

less glucose absorbed by body cells

liver - does not convert glucose into glycogen

blood glucose level - increases

Question 10

high glucose

Answer 10

pancreas - insulin secreted into blood

liver - glucose to glycogen

insulin allows glucose to be absorbed by body cells

effect on blood glucose - decreases

Question 11

blood glucose low pancreas releases

Answer 11

second hormone glucagon

Question 13

glucagon

Answer 13

produced by pancreas and breaks down glycogen to glucose

travels in bloodstream to lover where excess glucose stored as glycogen

raises blood glucose

Question 14

too high glucose concentration

Answer 14

receptors on pancreas respond to increase and increase insulin production that causes glucose to move from blood to cells

Question 15

adrenaline

Answer 15

hormone produced in adrenal gland. Released when body is under acute stress or during exercise. Increases blood flow to skeletal muscles and level of glucose in blood

Stimulates liver to break down glycogen into glucose - this is released in blood stream

Question 16

diabetes

Answer 16

Condition where blood glucose level remains too high. Treated by injecting insulin. Extra insulin causes liver to convert glucose inti glycogen, reducing blood glucose level.

Question 17

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 17

pancreas fails to produce enough insulin

uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and controlled by insulin injections

from young age

Question 18

type 2 diabetes

Answer 18

body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by pancreas. Liver less able to convert glucose into glycogen.

Managed by carb controlled diet and exercise regime

Obesity is factor in type 2 diabetes - usually older people

Question 19

diabetes diagnosis test

Answer 19

glucose tolerance test

drink glucose solution and glucose levels monitored for period - higher and take normal to return to normal

Question 20

Obesity

Answer 20

Excess fat compared to lean body tissue

Question 21

obesity risks

Answer 21

type 2 diabetes

heart disease

types of cancer

Question 22

BMI

Answer 22

mass kg / height ^2 (m) = kg/m^2

Question 23

BMI obese

Answer 23

over 30kg/m2

Question 24

Issues related to BMI

Answer 24

Cant tell difference between different body tissue types

doesn’t count age, gender, or muscle mass

very muscular can be classed as overweight

Question 25

obesity leads to

Answer 25

high blood pressure and build-up of fatty deposits in arteries, which leads to cardiovascular disease

Question 26

being obese with deposits of

Answer 26

lipids in abdomen increases blood pressure beyond normal levels and increases levels of blood lipids

Question 27

hormone that reduces level of sugar in blood

Answer 27

insulin