energy systems

Question 1

fuels required for resynthesis of ATP

Answer 1

Chemical Fuel:
Creatine Phosphate

Food Fuels:
carbs
fats
protein

Question 2

food fuels: carbs

Answer 2

body’s preferred fuel source usually during exercise

sugars and starches found in cereal, fruit, bread, pasta

Question 3

food fuels: fats

Answer 3

acts as concentrated fuel storage in muscles and body’s adipose tissue.
main source of fuel during rest and submaximal exercise

Question 4

food fuels: protein

Answer 4

used mainly for growth and repair
acts as a last resort fuel source
building blocks of tissue
breaks carbs to glucose, stored in liver and muscles as glycogen
minimal contribution during exercise
found in meat, fish, eggs, grains

Question 5

chemical fuel: Creatine Phosphate

Answer 5

• contains a high-energy phosphate bond for the rapid
release of energy
• Limited storage of CP within the muscle.

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

ATP is the energy source for all muscular movements

Question 7

ATP-CP: characteristics

Answer 7

Fuel Source:
Creatine Phosphate

Intensity of activity:
Maximal Intensity, 95+% MHR

fatigue factor: depletion of atp and cp

Amount of energy produced:
Limited yield, 0.7-1 ATP

Duration of activity: 0-10 seconds

Question 8

ATP-CP

Answer 8

produces energy by breaking down CP

Energy produced at explosive rate due to simple anaerobic chemical reactions that take place.

Question 9

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 9

produces energy by partially breaking down Glucose
anaerobically (no oxygen).
Energy produced at a fast rate due to simple anaerobic chemical reactions that take place.

Question 10

Anaerobic glycolysis; characteristics

Answer 10

Exercise:
Predominant system for high intensity exercise up to 75 seconds in duration.

Fuel source:
Glycogen

Intensity of activity High intensity exercise:
85 − 95% MHR

Duration of activity:
10-75 seconds

fatigue factor: H+ ions

Amount of energy produced:
Small yield, 2-3 ATP

Question 11

aerobic glycolysis

Answer 11

energy by breaking down glycogen or free fatty acids. Energy is produced at a slow rate due to complex chemical reactions
can continue to supply energy for many hours.

Question 12

aerobic glycolysis: characteristics

Answer 12

Exercise:
Predominant system for long duration, low/submaximal intensity exercise.

Fuel source:
rest; FFA
Submax; Carbs

Intensity of activity:
Submaximal intensity exercise
(70 − 85% MHR)
Resting/low intensity exercise
(> 70% MHR)

Duration of activity:
75+ seconds

fatigue factor: dehydration, fuel depletion

amount of energy produced;
Large yield- 38 ATP

Question 13

oxygen uptake

Answer 13

VO2
represents the maximum volume of oxygen able to be
taken up by, transported to, and used by the body for energy production.

Question 14

factors affecting oxygen uptake

Answer 14

body size
gender
training 
age
genetics

Question 15

oxygen uptake at rest

Answer 15

the demand for ATP energy is relatively small.

heart rate and oxygen uptake remain at low levels.

Question 16

oxygen uptake beginning of exercise

Answer 16

oxygen uptake increases as the body attempts to meet the increased oxygen demand.
The increased oxygen demand results from the need to produce more energy for ATP resynthesis.

Question 17

oxygen deficit

Answer 17

start of exercise where the oxygen demand exceeds the oxygen supply.
During o2 the body must obtain ATP from its anaerobic energy systems.

Question 18

steady state

Answer 18

oxygen supply = oxygen demand.

almost all of the required energy for ATP resynthesis is supplied aerobically.

Question 19

EPOC

Answer 19

after completion of exercise oxygen consumption remains elevated, despite a reduction in the demand for ATP energy.
also referred to as Oxygen Debt.

Question 20

energy interplay

Answer 20

atp-cp to anaerobic, to aerobic

Question 21

fuel depletion

Answer 21

Once CP has depleted, energy for ATP resynthesis must come via the breakdown of glucose, which is broken down at a slower rate.

Question 22

accumulation of by-products

Answer 22

ATP-CP System: ADP and AMP
Anaerobic glycolysis: H+ ions
Aerobic system: H2o, Co2, Heat

Question 23

passive recovery

Answer 23

Link to fatigue factor: Fuel Depletion (CP)

muscle’s fuel CP is rapidly restored when recovery involves total passive rest.

Question 24

active recovery

Answer 24

Link to fatigue factor: (H+ ions)
low intensity speeds up the removal of H+ ions by:
• Maintaining higher blood flow, and therefore oxygen delivery to the muscles

Question 25

rehydration

Answer 25

Link to fatigue factor: Dehydration

Recommendations:
• Include water (hydration), carbohydrates (refuel), and
electrolytes (salts)
• Consume fluids throughout the first two hours of post-exercise time

Question 26

refuelling: dietary

Answer 26

Link to fatigue factor: Fuel Depletion (Glycogen) 
pre and post training:
yoghurt
protein bar
cereal and milk

Question 27

elevated body temperature

Answer 27

body redistributes higher percentage of cardiac output to the skins surface
body cools down via evaporation
increased rates of dehydration (increased blood pressure and nervous fatigue)

Question 28

LIP

Answer 28

Lactic inflection point
exercise intensity beyond which lactate production exceeds removal
sometimes referred to as lactate threshold

Question 29

the aerobic systems role in LIP and exercise recovery

Answer 29

oxygen supply meets demand the levels may go up to the LIP
any accumulated lactic acid/metabolic by products have opportunity to be removed or converted back into glycogen to be used as the energy source