acute responses to exercise

Question 1

acute responses

Answer 1

when exercise begins, increased demand for energy

in response bodys respiratory, cv and muscular systems experience a series of change to meet new energy requirements

Question 2

respiratory response description

Answer 2

increase volume of oxygen taken in at lungs
lugs and airways is responsible for taking in O2 and expelling Co2
increase oxygen available to be transported to and utilised by the body

Question 3

respiratory responses

Answer 3

respiratory rate
ventilation
tidal volume
pulmonary diffusion

Question 4

respiratory rate

Answer 4

number of breathes per minute

Question 5

tidal volume

Answer 5

volume of air breathed in and out in one breathe

Question 6

ventilation

Answer 6

volume of air breathed in per minute

TV x RR

Question 7

pulmonary diffusion

Answer 7

increased activation of alveoli results in more sites being available for gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream
meaning more occurring, results in increased oxygen uptake

Question 8

cardiovascular response description

Answer 8

when exercise starts, aim is to increase the volume of oxygenated blood delivered to working muscles
will increase oxygen available to be utilised by body
speed up removal of Co2 and waste products

Question 9

cardiovascular responses

Answer 9

heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac output
blood pressure
venous return
A-Vo2 difference
blood volume
redistribution of blood flow

Question 10

heart rate

Answer 10

number of beats of the heart per minute

Question 11

stroke volume

Answer 11

volume of blood pumped per beat of the heart

Question 12

cardiac output

Answer 12

amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart per beat

Question 13

blood pressure: systolic

Answer 13

the pressure exerting by the blood against the arterial walls when heart contracts
increased in blood exiting heart= increase in blood pressure is higher when doing strengthening exercise

Question 14

redistribution of blood flow

Answer 14

altering the % of cardiac output that is distributed to various body sites
during exercise blood flow will increase to the heart and working muscles
less blood going to internal organs
this happens due to vasoconstriction is narrowing of blood vessels
vasodilation is opening of blood vessels

Question 15

venous return

Answer 15

allows required increase in stroke volume and cardiac output that exercise demands
when exercise begins= increase in venous return

Question 16

A-Vo2 difference

Answer 16

difference in concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and venous blood

Question 17

blood volume

Answer 17

body temp regulated by sweat
fluid comes from plasma in blood
reduces overall volume of blood in the system
and inhibits blood flow around the body

Question 18

fast twitch fibres

Answer 18

used for short explosive bursts of energy
little need for oxygen
more power, stored ATP, fatigue quicker
fast contraction time

Question 19

slow twitch fibres

Answer 19

have greater capacity to use O2 so are used for longer, less intense activities
more stored glycogen
oxidation enzymes
high capillary density
increased mitochondria

Question 20

muscular responses

Answer 20

motor unit recruitment 
muscle temperature
oxygen uptake and consumption (V02)
energy substrate stores
metabolic by products

Question 21

motor unit recruitment

Answer 21

1 motor unit= 1 motor neuron and all muscle fibres it stimulates
during exercise, amount of force developed in working muscles increases
increase in force production occurs by increasing number of motor units stimulated or increasing frequency of messages to arrive at motor unit

Question 22

muscle temperature

Answer 22

heat= by product of aerobic e.p
exercise begins and rate of energy production increases, so does body temp
warm up prior to events allows muscle temp to increase including muscle elasticity, flexibility and reduce risk of inury
regulating body temperature can become a fatigue factor in prolonged events or in hot environments where blood required to be redistributed to the skin to facilitate heat loss

Question 23

oxygen uptake and consumption (V02)

Answer 23

the volume of oxygen the muscles consume increases as the intensity of exercise increases

Question 24

energy substrate stores

Answer 24

ATP-ANG-AG
all available fuel sources within the muscles decrease as exercise is undertaken
duration and intensity of exercise which fuels and fibre types are preferentially used
therefore impact on the degree of fuel used
this response can have implication on performance in fatigue factor of fuel depletion is experienced

Question 25

metabolic by-products

Answer 25

lactic acid is produced at rest and during exercise
however it is the balance between lactic appearance and removal that determines the extent to which it will impact on performance and sport
LIP

Question 26

why does ventilation increase

Answer 26

respiratory system is responsible for o2 delivery and co2 removal
at start of exercise=breathe in deeper
muscles aim to stimulate it by sending messages to r.s in which brain increases TV and RR

Question 27

ventilation at sub max exercise

Answer 27

increase rapidly at start and then slowly until plateau 4-5min

Question 28

ventilatory threshold

Answer 28

point where v can no longer increase linearly with increase exercise in exercise intensity

Question 29

basis of cardiovascular responses

Answer 29

focus on getting blood to working muscles to deliver greater amounts of oxygen and energy substrates

Question 30

trained heart rate

Answer 30

lower heart rate and increased SV

Question 31

venous return parts

Answer 31

vasoconstriction
muscle pump
respiratory pump

Question 32

valves/vasoconstriction

Answer 32

one way movement of blood

Question 33

muscle pump

Answer 33

constriction of blood vessels to force blood along when muscles contract

Question 34

respiratory pump

Answer 34

breathing in difference in pressure force blood to flow through veins. increase pressure= increased flow