biomechanics Flashcards
force
push or pull
move the object/ change its shape
types of forces
gravity
air/water resistance
friction
gravity
force of attraction between 2 bodies or objects
force that causes objects to fall downwards towards centre of earth
water and air resistance
opposes the direction of motion of the object, slowing it down
friction
occurs when 2 surfaces come in contact with eachother
inertia
a body to resist a change in its state of motion
moment of inertia
spinning while skating with arms down= decreased inertia(speed up)
spinning while skating with arms out wide= increased inertia(slow down)
impulse
equal to the change in momentum of an object
force x time
impulse: increase force
shot-put: rotation and swing allows greater force
impulse: decrease force
cricket: catching ball with gloves slows down the force
types of motion
projectile linear angular curvilinear rectilinear general
angular motion
rotation around central axis or fixed point
when the body is lined up linear
walking/cycling- general motion
angular acceleration, distance/displacement, speed, velocity
linear motion
movement where all body parts move in the same direction at the same speed
cyclist going downhill without peddling
acceleration, distance/displacement, speed, velocity
projectile motion
movement of object through the air
factors that influence the flight path
conservation of angular momentum
conserved when body is in flight
inertia decrease
angular velocity increased
gymnastics/diving
angular velocity
measure of how quickly the object has moved from its starting point and in what direction it has moved
long jump
angular momentum
quantity of angular motion of object
height of release
difference between release height and landing height
angle of release
angle at which object is projected into the air
stability
ability of the body to resist a change in its current state of equilibrium
equilibrium
when all forces and torques are balanced
stability factors
base of support
centre of gravity
body mass
friction between body and surface
first class lever
the resistance and force are on either side of the axis
seesaw- force and resistance opposite each other, axis in middle
second class lever
the resistance is between the force and the axis
a person standing on tip-toes
third class lever
the force is between the resistance and the axis
advantage of levers
mechanical advantage= force arm/resistance
>1= less effort to move a resistance
<1= increased angular speed and range of motion
summation of momentum: principals
large group muscles to small group muscles
summation of momentum
the sequential and coordinated movement of each body segment to produce maximum velocity
projectile motion factors
vertical- height reached and affected by gravity
horizontal- distance covered and affected by air resistance
angle, height and speed of release
rectilinear motion
skiing
curvilinear motion
basketball shot
torque
cause rotation about an axis/angular acceleration
greater the torque, greater the angular acceleration
general motion
all movements of human body
newton law no. 1
body will remain at rest unless acted upon by external force
newton law no. 2
force applied to object will produce change in motion in direction of applied force that’s directly the size of force
newton law no. 3
every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
weight
mass x gravity
momentum
mass x velocity
