Energy systems

Question 1

What is ATP

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 2

what is ATP the only immediately usable form of

Answer 2

energy stored in the body

Question 3

what can the ATP compound only be used by

Answer 3

the muscles

Question 4

where is ATP stored

Answer 4

in muscle cells

Question 5

how much ATP is available in muscle cells

Answer 5

not a lot, 85g is enough fro 3 seconds

Question 6

what does ATP consist of one of and how many phosphate groups

Answer 6

one adenosine muscle and 3 phosphate groups

Question 7

what are the phosphate held together by

Answer 7

chemical bonds

Question 8

what is the energy in the bond shared between

Answer 8

last 2 phosphate groups

Question 9

what enzyme breaks down the bond

Answer 9

APhase

Question 10

what is released when the bond is broken down by the enzyme

Answer 10

energy is released that can be used to make the muscle cell contract and cause movement

Question 11

what does ATP become once broken down

Answer 11

ADP+P+energy

Question 12

why do we re-synthesise ATP

Answer 12

the body can only store a very small amount so in order to continue moving we resynthesise it so we can break it down again and keep making energy

Question 13

what is the equation for resynthesising

Answer 13

ADP+P+energy-ATP

Question 14

how many different energy systems are there

Answer 14

3

Question 15

what do the 3 energy systems use differently and do differently

Answer 15

use a different fuel and each one yields a different amount of ATP molecules

Question 16

what are the two types of reaction

Answer 16

exothermic and endothermic

Question 17

what is an exothermic reaction

Answer 17

gives out energy

Question 18

what is an endothermic reaction

Answer 18

requires energy to happen

Question 19

what type of reaction is the breakdown of ATP into ADP + P

Answer 19

exothermic reaction

Question 20

what must we resynthesise so that it can function

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

what type of reaction is the resynthesis of ATP

Answer 21

endothermic

Question 22

what are the 3 systems we can use to produce energy depending on the intensity and endurance

Answer 22

ATP - PC system, lactic acid energy system, aerobic system

Question 23

what does the ATP - PC system not require to work and what does this make it

Answer 23

oxygen making it anaerobic

Question 24

what very high energy compound does the ATP - PC system use

Answer 24

phosphocreatine

Question 25

why does the ATP - PC system use phosphocreatine

Answer 25

to provide the necessary energy to combine ADP + P, regenerating ATP

Question 26

where does the ATP - PC system take place

Answer 26

in the sarcoplasm of the muscle cells

Question 27

how does the ATP - PC work

Answer 27

phosphocreatine is broken down by an enzyme called creatine kinase which release energy which is then used to stick a P to ADP to create ATP

Question 28

how long does the ATP - PC system last for and why

Answer 28

8 - 10 seconds as it is restricted by the amount of phosphocreatine you have in your muscles

Question 29

why is the ATP - PC system not very efficient

Answer 29

for every one molecule of PC broken down, one ATP molecule is re-synthesised.

Question 30

what type of activity is the ATP - PC system used for and why

Answer 30

high intensity as it is a very immediate source of energy

Question 31

what does the lactic acid energy system not require

Answer 31

oxygen (anaerobic)

Question 32

what is the fuel of the lactic acid energy system

Answer 32

carbohydrate

Question 33

where are the carbohydrates stored in the lactic acid energy system

Answer 33

in the muscles and liver as glycogen

Question 34

when does the process of the lactic acid energy system start

Answer 34

when glycogen is converted into glucose by an enzyme (glucose phosphorylase)

Question 35

what is the second step of the process in the lactic acid energy system

Answer 35

a second enzyme (PPK) starts a series of reactions known as anaerobic glycolysis and eventually the glucose is converted into pyruvic acid as there is no oxygen present

Question 36

what happens during the process of the lactic acid energy system

Answer 36

2 molecules of ATP are resynthesised

Question 37

what is the fuel source order of the lactic acid energy system

Answer 37

glycogen (stored in muscle, liver, fast twitch fibres have more) - glucose ( 6 phosphate ) - pyruvic acid

Question 38

what are the two advantages of the lactic acid energy system

Answer 38

high intensity, no delay of oxygen delivery

Question 39

what are the three disadvantages of the lactic acid energy system

Answer 39

short duration, by product of lactic acid, energy yield of 1:2

Question 40

how much ATP does the aerobic system produce

Answer 40

38

Question 41

what is the simple process of the aerobic system

Answer 41

anaerobic glycolysis (2ATP) - krebs cycle (2ATP) - electron transport chain (34ATP)

Question 42

what is the complex process of the aerobic system

Answer 42

glycogen, glucose (6 phosphate) - pyruvic acid ( sufficient oxygen) - acetly Go - A - citric acid ( krebs cycle )

Question 43

what is the process of the krebs cycle

Answer 43

(2ATP, O2) hydrogen ions - electron transport chain - H20 , 34 ATP