energy expenditure Flashcards

Question

how can we calculate the Energy spent per unit time for an activity using PAR

Answer 1

Energy spent per unit time for an activity = BMR x PAR for that activity.

Answer 2

A practical way of expressing and comparing the intensity and EE of physical activities of people of different weight. Expresses EE of a physical activity as a multiple of RMR (resting metabolic rate) while taking account of the individual’s weight. (1 MET = 1 kcal kg-1 hr-1 = 4.184 kJ kg-1 hr-1 is assumed) MET values range from 0.9 (sleeping) to 18 (running at 17.5 km/h).

Answer 3

'moderate exercise'

Answer 4

Sufficient, regular physical activity is beneficial for the health of the body and mind: - Heart, skeletal muscles, bones, blood - Immune system and nervous system - Psychological wellbeing, self-perception and - self-esteem, mood, sleep quality Physical activity reduces the risk of many chronic health conditions. Physical inactivity shortens life expectancy – responsible for 9% of premature deaths and causes direct cost to NHS of £91m per year. Erosion of muscle and bon as grow old, but if use these muscles and bones from a young age you start from a higher point, so it takes longer for ur bones and muscles to decline. Greater exercise pumps more blood around body with is good on cardio vascular system Being physically active improves immune system Risk of some cancers is impacted by ur physical activity levels It psychologically makes u feel better as improves mood and sleep quality

Answer 5

at least 180 mins a day this can include: jump, layground, climb, skip, scoot, bike, dance, walk, etc

Answer 6

60 mins a day incuding ex: bike, swim, play, skip, climb, workout, dance, PE, sport, etc

Answer 7

at least 150 mins a week of moderate intensity or at least 75 mins of vigorous intensity a week ex include: swim, stares, sport, dance, cycle, run, walk should also do activities aimed to improve balance 2 days a week

Answer 8

try make it a daily habit do strength and balance activities at least 2 days a week aim for 150 mins a week of moderate intensity activity

Answer 9

aim for at least 150 mins a week of moderate intensity activity do strength training twice a week

Answer 10

aim for at least 150 mins of moderate activity a week start pelvic floor stretches build back up to muscle training activities twice a week

Answer 11

Age Sex body size lean body mass diet nutritional state disease/illness pharmacological agents genetic differences physical activity climate physiological state psychological state

Answer 12

BMR (and therefore EE) ↓ from birth to old age. In adulthood, there is a ↓ in lean body mass (FFM) and an ↑ in adipose tissue, and therefore a ↓ in BMR.

Answer 13

BMR is ~10% lower in females compared with males – due largely to different body size and body compositions (FFM).

Answer 14

There is a linear relationship between metabolic rate and body size. Larger people have a higher metabolic rate: in adults, a 10kg difference accounts for ~500kJ/d difference in BMR. Body size accounts for >50% of the variability in BMR between individuals. Body weight also affects EE of physical activity when the activity is weight bearing. (most exercise is weight bearing - a non weight bearing one would be swimming)

Answer 15

Lean body mass is a good indicator of metabolic rate. Almost 20% of resting metabolism is expended by skeletal muscle. At rest, adipose tissue has a lower metabolic rate than lean tissue (BMR often expressed per kg of fat free mass). Adipose tissue will affect EE where the physical activity involves movement of the body.

Answer 16

EE immediately after a meal will depend on the composition of the meal (thermic effect of food) – greater in response to protein than fat or Carbs. its a shot term affect

Answer 17

BMR is increased by 5-10% by sustained overfeeding and normally reduced by the same amount by underfeeding. this has a long term effect

Answer 18

Fevers, tumours, skin burns ↑ BMR and therefore EE.

Answer 19

Caffeine, nicotine – small ↑ in EE. Amphetamines and experimental drugs used to treat obesity - ↑ EE. Beta blockers – may slightly ↓ EE. Beta blockers can help reduce anxiety so can reduce EE as anxiety increases EE

Answer 20

BMR varies by up to 10% between subjects of the same age, sex, body weight and fat free mass. This may be due to genetic factors.

Answer 21

Highly variable, depends on activity, intensity, duration of activity.

Answer 22

Energy is expended due to the need to maintain body temperature by shivering/ perspiring. Were less physically active when its really warm as we generate even more heat when we exercise, so it would be too hot

Answer 23

Hormonal factors – endocrine disorders such as: Hyperthyroidism – increases BMR Hypothyroidism – decreases BMR Thyroid hormones effect BMR Higher BMR = higher EE, so lower weight