Energetics 3

Question 1

What name is given to the enzyme that synthesises PCr from ATP?

Creatine lysase

Creatine synthase

Creatine lipase

Creatine kinase

Answer 1

Creatine Kinase

Question 2

Fast glycolytic fibres are characterised by….

Slow contraction rates, low oxidative capacity, high glycolytic capacity

Slow contraction rates, high oxidative capacity, low glycolytic capacity

Fast contraction rates, low oxidative capacity, high glycolytic capacity

Fast contraction rates, high oxidative capacity, low glycolytic capacity

Answer 2

Fast contraction rates, low oxidative capacity, high glycolytic capacity

Question 3

Approximately how long can the ATP-PC system ‘fuel’ exercise?

30 minutes

6 minutes

1 hour

6 seconds

Answer 3

6 seconds

Question 4

QUESTION 1

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Pyruvate

Citrate

Alphaketoglutarate

Kinate

Answer 4

Pyruvate

Question 5

What acid is formed when bicarbonate binds with a hydrogen ion?

Lactic acid

Carbonic acid

Pyruvic acid

Citric acid

Answer 5

Carbonic acid

Question 6

QUESTION 3

Lactic acid is produced when….

Creatine is oxidised

Creatine is reduced

Pyruvate is oxidised

Pyruvate is reduced

Answer 6

Pyruvate is reduced

Question 7

Once in the mitochondria, pyruvate will convert to ________ in the presence of oxygen.

Citrate

Oxaloacetate

Acetyl CoA

Malate

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA

Question 8

During low intensity activities, the majority of ATP will be synthesised via _______.

The phosphagen system

The cori cycle

Glycolysis using glucose as the energy substrate

Lipid oxidation

Answer 8

Lipid oxidation

Question 9

What is the name of the enzyme at the end of the electron transport chain that uses the H+ to synthesise ATP?

ATP synthase

Creatine kinase

ATPase

Phosphofruktokinase

Answer 9

ATP synthase

Question 10

Kreb cycle summary

Answer 10

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Happens in the Mitochondria Matrix
Produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH FADH2

Question 11

If enough oxygen is present and we reach the kerb cycle we get ….

Answer 11

approximately 38 ATP per molecule of glucose rather than just the net gain of 2 ATP from glycolysis.

Question 12

Negative H do what in the matrix

Answer 12

Hop between proteins

Question 13

Positive H do what in the matrix

Answer 13

diffuse through protein in the matrix then diffuse back through the final protein (ATP synthase)

Question 14

What is the election transport chain

Answer 14

A series of protein complexes located at the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 15

Glycolysis without oxygen…

Answer 15

Pyruvate reduces to create lactic acid

Question 16

Glycolysis with oxygen into the mitochondria …

Answer 16

Glycolysis > Acetyl CoA > Kreb cycle > NADH + FADH

Question 17

How much water is stored with each gram of carbohydrate in glycogen?

Answer 17

2-3 g

Question 18

The majority of fat stores in the body as…

Answer 18

Triglycerides

Question 19

Why is protein not a preferable source of energy?

Answer 19

1. Structures have to be broken down (muscle atrophy)

2. Proteins bypass glycolysis so not much ATP/energy

Question 20

Negatives of using fat as energy source?

Answer 20

Not as fast – it does not all go through glycolysis, more oxygen is needed

Question 21

Exercising lasting seconds system?

Answer 21

Phosphagen system

Question 22

Exercising lasting minutes system?

Answer 22

Glycolysis

Question 23

Exercising lasting hours system?

Answer 23

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 24

If oxygen is present pyruvate is converted into …….. in the …….. and enters the …….

Answer 24

Acetyl CoA, mitochondria, Kreb’s cycle

Question 25

……… from the Kreb’s cycle is delivered to the …… on the inside of the mitochondria

Answer 25

Hydrogen, folds

Question 26

Hydrogen is split into …….. and …….. to power the enzyme …….

Answer 26

Protons, electrons, ATP synthase

Question 27

What blood lactate value would typically signify that somebody has reached their lactate threshold?

Answer 27

2-4 mmol/L

Question 28

Resting lactate level

Answer 28

0.5 - 2 mmol/L