Endurance Flashcards
what are the implications of the work equations
-in order to measure the amount of work done, one could in fact just measure the energy used over a distance or the energy used over a certain time
what to consider when measuring energy use with respect to time
- the basic metabolic speed of a person represents the amount of energy that he uses in a given time when he is lying on his back with his eyes closed and relaxed
- this rate of energy use was expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed per kilogram weight per minute
metabolic equivalent of activities characteristics
- to measure the energy use of a pt in terms of oxygen, can be complex
- method used for this measurement is the MET
- based on idea that because a particular activity, if performed, using a similar method, should demand the same rate of energy use no matter who the performer is
- 1 MET= the basic metabolic speed of a person presents the amount of energy that he uses in a given time when he is lying on his back with his eyes closed and relaxed
- MET value increases when demand increases
MET minute value
METS x time = MET minute value
endurance and energy use
- endurance is in effect the ability to sustain (over a period of time) effort (rate of energy use) at a particular MET level
- young people should sustain and MET level of 10 easily, meaning they can carry on with an activity of 10 METS for at least 10 minutes
activity and its energy use
- activity = different methods
- method = more or less steps
- more steps = more energy expanded and more endurance
- different methods may demand more muscle effort than another
- elderly, persons with disabilities, person with diabetes mallitus, persons with heart and lung problems, all not concerned with the rate at which they use activity, but being able to complete the activity programs, they did previously and safely.
- it is necessary that the most efficient activity methods possible be found using ergonomics and MODAPTS and MET levels and time it takes to complete an activity
- OTs should for this reason, be able to compute the amount of energy being used in such, so they are able to evaluate where they are problematic and/or unsafe
what is the link between endurance and safe use of energy
as the energy demand being made on a patient grows, so his heart rate increases in order to keep pace with the extra oxygen and energy levels needed
what would you expect to see when the heart rate is too high
- not wish to carry on with activity
- feel ill
- look pale
- sweat
- pain in the chest
- cyanotic (blue in the face)
what should be considered when measuring heart rate?
- a heart rate which is more than 220- the age of a person is dangerous for that person
- a pulse rate that does not return to normal within 10 minutes of completing an exercise, is an indication that the person has a reduced endurance for an activity demanding that MET level or rate of use of energy over that period of time
what is the relation between physiological function and endurance?
- energy users = muscular system
- transport systems = lungs, heart, blood
- energy providers = respiratory system, digestive tract and endocrine system
describe the functions of the lungs
- breathing in oxygen
- exhaling carbon dioxide
- exchanging all of these gases to and from the blood in the capillaries of the alveoli
describe the function of the heart
- is the pump that provides impetus for the blood carrying the oxygen to flow through the arteries and reach the muscles
- gives the impetus to pump same blood carrying carbon dioxide back from muscles to lungs
- volume of blood discharged each minute (cardiac output) is equal to heart rate x stroke volume
- stoke volume is the volume of blood expelled by the ventricles with each contraction and is constant for any one person provided that he remains in good health and is fit
- at rest, heart rate of healthy person should be sufficient to supply them with enough oxygenated blood to satisfy their energy needs
- heart rate should be between 60 and 84 beats per minute
- heart rate should supply muscles with enough nutrients to maintain their actions
- if one should involve a person in an activity which demands more oxygen than their heart can supply at their maximum heart rate, they will suffer heart failure and all that it implies including possible death
characteristics of blood
- distributed to various parts of body by vascular system
- factors working to increase blood pressure:
- narrowing of arteries
- hypertension
- smoking
- disease
- all these will increase the load on the heart and have the effect of increasing the heart rate needed to achieve the required energy levels in the muscles for any given activity
characteristics of the enrgy providing systems
respiratory system
- lungs are suppliers of oxygen, they are an energy system
endocrine system and digestive tract
- digestion of food eaten takes place in the digestive tract with the aid of the digestive juices and the secretions of various endocrine glands. trace elements and compounds pass from the digestive tract into the blood through the mesenteric capillaries and arteries and then to the tissues where they are needed
observation for endurance energy and imbalance problems
basic abilities:
- pt. has muscle atrophy
- pt. has been ill in bed for over a week and has muscle weakness
- pt. has obvious motor disability and suffers from high levels of stress
- pt. has hypertension and/or suffers a heart pathology
- pt. shows signs of breathing difficulty during activity or even at rest
- pt. complains of weakness hypoglucaemia and has a history of diabetes mallitus
developmental:
- ago of pt.
community eating method:
- there is a diet problem caused by poverty or insufficient knowledge of proper diets
activity method
- activity methods demanding more energy than is needed are the cause of aged persons becoming over tired
– activity methods that use energy at a TEMPO above that which are available to the pt. in his present state of health are dangerous to hear pt.
attitudes:
- persons in a specific community have not yet developed a social approach to the realities of their economic predicament. meaning, they remain using methods of activity that will not solve their poverty problem and hence they suffer from not getting enough to eat
