Endoscopy

Question 1

What is endoscopy?

Answer 1

An optical device that provides a detailed image of the inside of the body

Carried out by use of natural orifices or small incisions into the skin

Question 2

Why is endoscopy used?

Answer 2

Minimally invasive

Allows access to otherwise inaccessible areas of the body

Question 3

What are the two types of endoscopy?

Answer 3

Flexible

Rigid

Question 4

When are rigid endoscopes used?

Answer 4

Used to examine non-tubular structures

Respiratory tract
Abdominal tract
Urinary tract
Reproductive tract
Ear

Question 5

What is the structure of rigid endoscopes?

Answer 5

Steel structure
So cannot manoeuvre bens

Rods and lenses to maximise light transmission and magnification

Question 6

What beneficial feature does the rigid endoscope have?

Answer 6

Glass fibres
Which transmit light

Eyepiece or camera

Question 7

What is the sheath of the rigid endoscope?

Answer 7

Protects the scope

Allows for passage of instruments through the channel of the sheath

Question 8

What is the trocar of the rigid endoscope?

Answer 8

Pyramidal tip with cutting edges to pierce the body’s wall

Question 9

When are flexible endoscopes used?

Answer 9

Used to examine internal tubular structures

Respiratory tract
Abdominal tract
Urinary tract

Question 10

Describe the structure of the flexible endoscope?

Answer 10

Umbilical cord - plugs into light source

Handpiece - manual controls

Insertion tube - part that enters patient

Question 11

What has better image and light quality between both endoscopes?

Answer 11

Rigid has better image and light transmission

Flexible has poorer light transmission and a pixelated view

Question 12

What is a fiberscope?

Answer 12

The image is transmitted via a fibreoptic image bundle from the objective lens at the tip of the insertion tube to the ocular leaves located in the eyepiece

Question 13

What is a videoscope?

Answer 13

The image is transmitted electronically through wires from a sensor located behind the objective lens at the distal tip, along the length of the endoscope to a video processor which produces an image on the screen

Question 14

What is air insufflation in the flexible endoscope?

Answer 14

Air travels from the light source through the universal cord, through the control panel into the insertion tube where air is released

Question 15

What is water irrigation in the flexible endoscope?

Answer 15

Water travels from light source through the universal cord, through the control panel into the insertion tube where air or water is released

Question 16

What is suction in the flexible endoscope?

Answer 16

Removes excess fluid or air

Air or water is sucked in from distal tip to travel up through the insertion tube

Question 17

What is the instrument channel in the flexible endoscope?

Answer 17

Allows for instruments to be passed through

Biopsy forceps
Cytology brushes
Foreign body graspers

Question 18

Is training required with endoscopy equipment?

Answer 18

Training and familiarity required with equipment

Question 19

What cleaning is required for endoscopes?

Answer 19

Clean immediately to prevent buildup

Any instruments should be dissembled prior to cleaning

Question 20

What is used to clean endoscopes?

Answer 20

Use a neutral pH enzymatic cleaner diluted with distilled water

Use appropriate size brush to match diameter of channel

Rinse after cleaning

Question 21

How should endoscopes be dried?

Answer 21

Lint free cloth

Compressed air

Question 22

Do endoscopes require sterilisation?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

How are flexible endoscopes stored?

Answer 23

In a hanging position

Question 24

What are the 5 benefits of using endoscopes?

Answer 24

Small wounds mean less trauma

Reduces post operative pain

Rapid healing

Limited sutures to be removed

Reduced surgical time