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YR2 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES > Contrast Media > Flashcards

Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

Why is contrast media used?

A

-to visualise soft tissues

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2
Q

How does contrast media work?

A

-reduced affect so x-ray beam hits soft tissues differently

-addresses the lack of contrast by selectively absorbing more x-ray photons than the soft tissues

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3
Q

Where is contrast media absorbed?

A

-into the body to increase the contrast or structures of liquids

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4
Q

How does contrast media exit the body?

A

Excreted from the body

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5
Q

Where can contrast media be introduced into?

A

Blood vessels

Visceral

Cavities

Joints

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6
Q

What is negative contrast media?

A

-has a very low physical density

-radiolucennt (appears black)

-used to define location of viscus rather than anatomical detail

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7
Q

What are examples of negative contrast media?

A

Room air

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

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8
Q

What is positive contrast media?

A

-high atomic number and attenuate the x-ray beam more with viscus, organs and vacates

-radipaque (appears whiter than bone)

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9
Q

What are examples of positive contrast media?

A

Barium

Iodine

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10
Q

When is barium used?

A

Only for gastrointestinal studies

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11
Q

What are advantages of using barium?

A

Insoluble

Inert (moves slowly)

Has therapeutic effects

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12
Q

What are disadvantages of using barium?

A

May cause foreign body reaction if leaks

Constipation

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13
Q

What are the different ways of giving barium, and when each is used?

A

Suspension - swallowing and oesophageal cases or GI tract

Paste - pharyngeal and oesophagus

Powders - not commonly used due to them building up

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14
Q

When is iodine used as a contrast media?

A

Intravascular studies (GI tract)

Lower urinary tract studies

Joints

Salivary glands

Lacrimal sac and ducts

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15
Q

What are advantages of using iodine?

A

Water soluble

Excreted by the kidneys

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16
Q

What are disadvantages of using iodine?

A

Difficult to administer as is not palatable

Can cause fall in blood pressure

Cannot be used when conscious

Shows poor contrast for bowel

17
Q

How should ionic iodine contrast be given?

A

Should be warmed to body temp prior to use

Is viscous

18
Q

When should ionic iodine contrast be used?

A

Cardiovascular

Urinary tract

19
Q

Why is non-ionic iodine contrast used?

A

Less allergic reactions

More expensive

Shaper contrast bordered for an increased time

20
Q

What are the 5 methods of contrast radiography?

A

Gastrogram

Myelography

Retrograde urethrography

IV urography

Cystogram

21
Q

What does myelography indicate?

A

Lesions that are not detectable on ordinary x-ray

22
Q

When is myelography used?

A

Spinal pain

Neurological signs

Prolapsed invertebrate discs

23
Q

What are methods of myelography?

A

Cisterns magna puncture

Lumbar puncture

**GA is essential

24
Q

What contrast media is used for upper gastrointestinal study and how is it administered?

A

Barium sulphate

Orally administered using a stomach tube

25
Q

What patient preparation is required for upper gastrointestinal studies?

A

Fast for 12-24 hours

Cleansing enema 24hrs prior before and 3 and 1 hr before

X-rays taken 1hr after procedure

26
Q

What radiographs are taken for upper gastric study and when are they taken?

A

Dorso-ventral
Right lateral
Left lateral

Immediately after administration
Taken at 15, 30, 60, 90 mins intervals

27
Q

What contrast media is used for double cystography?

A

Air or gas

Water soluble ionic or non-ionic agents

28
Q

What patient prep is required for double cystography?

A

Fasted 12-24hrs

Enema at least 4hrs prior to exam m

Abdominal images taken prior to sedation

29
Q

What contrast media is used for pneumocystography?

A

Gas or air

Such as carbon dioxide

30
Q

What special precautions are taken when administering contrast for pneumocystography?

A

Patient positioned in left lateral recumbency to administer gas to reduce the risk of an air embolism

Palpate bladder whilst administering gas to prevent rupture

31
Q

What patient prep is required for pneumocystography?

A

Fast for 12-24 hrs

Enema at least 4hrs prior to exam

Abdominal images taken prior to sedation

32
Q

What is the procedure of a pneumocystography?

A

R lateral and VD views of abdomen

Insert catheter and empty bladder

Plain radiograph taken before contrast

Administer 2% lidocaine into bladder

Place in L lateral and administer gas

Take views of bladder with contrast

33
Q

When is double contrast used?

A

On hollow organs such as stomach or bladder

Both positive and negative contrast media is utilised

Used on cystogram and gastrogram

34
Q

What equipment required for GI blockage?

A

Barium solution
Stomach tube
Syringe
X-day machine

Barium used as not absorbed too quickly

35
Q

What equipment required for GI perforation?

A

Iodine
Stomach tube
Syringe
X-ray machine

Iodine as will be absorbed quickly

36
Q

Should the air be removed after contrast media study?

A

Must be removed

37
Q

What equipment is required for double cystogram?

A

Sedation
Iodine solution
Air (oxygen)
Catheter
Lube
Syringe

YR2 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES (15 decks)

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