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Pharmacy > Endogenous peptides - AUTACOIDS > Flashcards

Endogenous peptides - AUTACOIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Define AUTACOIDS

A

Autacoids is a collective term for various endogenous peptides,
prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These are sometimes also called local hormones.

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2
Q

What is the classification of antihistamine drugs?

A

H1 Receptor Antagonists
5-Hydroxytreptamine (Serotonin)
Prostaglandins

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3
Q

Histamine pharmacological actions in CVS is:

A

Dilatation of capillaries and venules accompanied by a fall in blood
pressure (direct relaxation of the smooth muscles of blood vessels)

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4
Q

Histamine pharmacological actions in exocrine gland is:

A

It is a powerful stimulant of HCL secretion by the gastric mucosa.

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5
Q

Which part of body Histamine is form?

A

Histamine is formed locally in the brain.

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6
Q

Increase amount of Histamine plays important role in:

A

anaphylaxis and other forms of allergic reactions.

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7
Q

Histamine plays very important role in anaphylaxis. What is treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline has actions opposite to those of histamine and thus acts as a physiological
antagonist. It may be given by SC or IM route.

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8
Q

What is classification (types) of anti-histaminc drugs?

A
  1. H1 receptor antagonists
  2. H2 receptor antagonists
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9
Q

Which classification of anti-histaminc drugs produces sedative effects?

A

H1 recepror antagonists

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10
Q

Name potent and sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A
  1. Diphenhydramine
  2. Promethazine.
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11
Q

Name potent but less sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A
  1. Cyclizine
  2. Chlorpheniramine
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12
Q

Name less potent but less sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A

Pheniramine

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13
Q

Name non sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A

Loratadine
Cetrizine
Terfenadine

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14
Q

Anti-motion sickness effects are exhibited by

A

Promethazine
Diphenhydramine,

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15
Q

Topical use of antihistamine is:

A

not recommended because of the risk of sensitization and a high
tendency to cause eczematous reactions.

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16
Q

Name few allergic disorders?

A

Urticaria
Seasonal hay fever
Dermatitis

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17
Q

Which anti-histamine drugs can be used as hypnotics?

A

Diphehydramine
Promethazine

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18
Q

Which anti-histamine drugs are effective in the treatment of Parkinsonism?

A

Diphehydramine
Promethazine

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19
Q

Which anti-histamine drugs are effective in the treatment of motion sickness?

A

Diphehydramine
Promethazine

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20
Q

Which drug is frequently used in the treatment of cough as combination preparation with other agents?

A

Diphenhydramine

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21
Q

H2 receptor antagonists of anti-histamine drugs used for:

A

Used in the treatment of acid-peptic disease

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22
Q

Serotonin is also called

A

5-Hydroxytreptamine (5-HT)

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23
Q

What is pharmacological actions of Serotonin?

A

causes constriction of renal, splanchnic, meningeal, and pulmonary arteries and veins and venules, but dilatation of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles, coronaries, and skin capillaries.

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24
Q

Altered functions of Serotonin may be responsible to:

A

Disturbances in sleep, mood, sexual, behavior, motor activity, pain perception, migraine, temperature regulation, endocrine control, psychiatric disorders

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25
Q

Which part of body serotonin is widely distributed?

A

CNS, serving as a neurotransmitter

26
Q

Which serotonin agonists highly effective in treating acute attacks of migraine?

A

Sumatriptan

27
Q

What is the side effects of Sumatriptan drug?

A

Neck pain
Dizziness

28
Q

Sumatriptan drug is contraindicated with:

A

Ischemic heart diseases, angina, and hypertension as it may cause coronary vasoconstriction.

29
Q

Why Sumatriptan drug is contraindicated to angina and hypertension?

A

It may cause coronary vasoconstriction.

30
Q

What are the Serotonin agonist drugs?

A

Sumatriptan
Buspirone

31
Q

What are the Serotonin antagonists drugs?

A

Methysergide
Cyproheptadine
Ondansetron
Prochlorperazine
haloperidol

32
Q

Which drug is a potent antagonist of 5-HT?

A

Cyproheptadine

33
Q

Which Serotonin Antagonists drug stimulates appetite?

A

Cyproheptadine

34
Q

Which Serotonin Antagonists drug is useful in the management of nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic (Cancer) therapy?

A

Ondansetron

35
Q

What are the two main prostaglandins?

A

PG E2
PG F2
(PG I and THX2)

36
Q

What is the important role of Prostaglandins?

A

They play an important role in the development of the inflammatory response in association with other mediators.

37
Q

Which Prostaglandin has bronchodilator action?

A

Prostaglandin E

38
Q

What is the effects of prostaglandins in GIT?

A

They increase intestinal motility.
PG E inhibits gastric acid secretion and has cytoprotectively action on the gastroduodenal mucosa.

39
Q

What is the effects of prostaglandins in CNS?

A

PGE is peripheral vasodilator and powerful natriuretic.
PGF constricts arterioles and veins.

40
Q

What is the effects of prostaglandin E in CNS?

A

PGE is peripheral vasodilator and powerful natriuretic.

41
Q

What is the effects of prostaglandin F in CNS?

A

PGF constricts arterioles and veins.

42
Q

prostaglandin I also called

A

Prostacycline

43
Q

PG I (prostacycline) is found in:

A

Vascular endothelium

44
Q

Prostacycline is a

A

a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is a vasodilator.

45
Q

Which Prostaglandins is a inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is a vasodilator?

A

Prostacycline (PG I)

46
Q

Are prostaglandins important in pain generation and perception?

A

Yes

47
Q

Which prostaglandins produce hyperalgesia associated with inflammation?

A

PGE and PGI

48
Q

What is hyperalgesia?

A

An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme response to pain

49
Q

Prostaglandins Therapeutic uses include:

A

Cervical ripening and labor induction, control of postpartum hemorrhage, induction of abortion, and prophylaxis of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers

50
Q

Which prostaglandins is a potent pyrogenic substance?

A

PG E

51
Q

Adverse Effects of prostaglandins are:

A

Fever, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache, nausea, and vomiting.

52
Q

Histamine is release by

A

Immune cells called mast cells in response to allergens.

53
Q

Why histamine is release by mast cell?

A

in response to allergens.

54
Q

What is the physiological effect of histamine on blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation

55
Q

What is the physiological effect of histamine on gastric cells?

A

Gastric acid secretion

56
Q

What is difference between histamine and adrenaline?

A

Histamine is a molecule that is released by immune cells called mast cells and adrenaline is a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress

57
Q

Explain histamine and adrenaline effect on blood vessels?

A

Histamine and adrenaline have opposing effects on blood vessels, with histamine causing vasodilation and adrenaline causing vasoconstriction.

58
Q

What is consequences of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis?

A

Gastritis
Lead to low plasma renin activity
Low levels of aldosterone in plasma.

59
Q

What are the side effects of prostaglandin inhibition?

A

Acute kidney injury
Hyperkalemia
Hypertension
Edema.

60
Q

Excessive prostaglandins may lead to:

A

Painful periods and heavy menstrual bleeding

61
Q

Low levels of prostaglandins can contribute to:

A

Stomach ulcers and glaucoma.

62
Q

What is the role of prostaglandins in blood pressure?

A

Particularly PGE2 and PGI2, affect blood pressure through control of vascular resistance, salt excretion, cardiac output, and renin secretion.

Pharmacy (7 decks)

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