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Endogenous peptides - AUTACOIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Define AUTACOIDS

A

Autacoids is a collective term for various endogenous peptides,
prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These are sometimes also called local hormones.

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2
Q

What is the classification of antihistamine drugs?

A

H1 Receptor Antagonists
5-Hydroxytreptamine (Serotonin)
Prostaglandins

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3
Q

Histamine pharmacological actions in CVS is:

A

Dilatation of capillaries and venules accompanied by a fall in blood
pressure (direct relaxation of the smooth muscles of blood vessels)

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4
Q

Histamine pharmacological actions in exocrine gland is:

A

It is a powerful stimulant of HCL secretion by the gastric mucosa.

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5
Q

Which part of body Histamine is form?

A

Histamine is formed locally in the brain.

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6
Q

Increase amount of Histamine plays important role in:

A

anaphylaxis and other forms of allergic reactions.

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7
Q

Histamine plays very important role in anaphylaxis. What is treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline has actions opposite to those of histamine and thus acts as a physiological
antagonist. It may be given by SC or IM route.

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8
Q

What is classification (types) of anti-histaminc drugs?

A
  1. H1 receptor antagonists
  2. H2 receptor antagonists
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9
Q

Which classification of anti-histaminc drugs produces sedative effects?

A

H1 recepror antagonists

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10
Q

Name potent and sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A
  1. Diphenhydramine
  2. Promethazine.
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11
Q

Name potent but less sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A
  1. Cyclizine
  2. Chlorpheniramine
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12
Q

Name less potent but less sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A

Pheniramine

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13
Q

Name non sedative H1 receptor antagonists drugs?

A

Loratadine
Cetrizine
Terfenadine

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14
Q

Anti-motion sickness effects are exhibited by

A

Promethazine
Diphenhydramine,

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15
Q

Topical use of antihistamine is:

A

not recommended because of the risk of sensitization and a high
tendency to cause eczematous reactions.

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16
Q

Name few allergic disorders?

A

Urticaria
Seasonal hay fever
Dermatitis

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17
Q

Which anti-histamine drugs can be used as hypnotics?

A

Diphehydramine
Promethazine

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18
Q

Which anti-histamine drugs are effective in the treatment of Parkinsonism?

A

Diphehydramine
Promethazine

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19
Q

Which anti-histamine drugs are effective in the treatment of motion sickness?

A

Diphehydramine
Promethazine

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20
Q

Which drug is frequently used in the treatment of cough as combination preparation with other agents?

A

Diphenhydramine

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21
Q

H2 receptor antagonists of anti-histamine drugs used for:

A

Used in the treatment of acid-peptic disease

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22
Q

Serotonin is also called

A

5-Hydroxytreptamine (5-HT)

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23
Q

What is pharmacological actions of Serotonin?

A

causes constriction of renal, splanchnic, meningeal, and pulmonary arteries and veins and venules, but dilatation of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles, coronaries, and skin capillaries.

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24
Q

Altered functions of Serotonin may be responsible to:

A

Disturbances in sleep, mood, sexual, behavior, motor activity, pain perception, migraine, temperature regulation, endocrine control, psychiatric disorders

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25
Which part of body serotonin is widely distributed?
CNS, serving as a neurotransmitter
26
Which serotonin agonists highly effective in treating acute attacks of migraine?
Sumatriptan
27
What is the side effects of Sumatriptan drug?
Neck pain Dizziness
28
Sumatriptan drug is contraindicated with:
Ischemic heart diseases, angina, and hypertension as it may cause coronary vasoconstriction.
29
Why Sumatriptan drug is contraindicated to angina and hypertension?
It may cause coronary vasoconstriction.
30
What are the Serotonin agonist drugs?
Sumatriptan Buspirone
31
What are the Serotonin antagonists drugs?
Methysergide Cyproheptadine Ondansetron Prochlorperazine haloperidol
32
Which drug is a potent antagonist of 5-HT?
Cyproheptadine
33
Which Serotonin Antagonists drug stimulates appetite?
Cyproheptadine
34
Which Serotonin Antagonists drug is useful in the management of nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic (Cancer) therapy?
Ondansetron
35
What are the two main prostaglandins?
PG E2 PG F2 (PG I and THX2)
36
What is the important role of Prostaglandins?
They play an important role in the development of the inflammatory response in association with other mediators.
37
Which Prostaglandin has bronchodilator action?
Prostaglandin E
38
What is the effects of prostaglandins in GIT?
They increase intestinal motility. PG E inhibits gastric acid secretion and has cytoprotectively action on the gastroduodenal mucosa.
39
What is the effects of prostaglandins in CNS?
PGE is peripheral vasodilator and powerful natriuretic. PGF constricts arterioles and veins.
40
What is the effects of prostaglandin E in CNS?
PGE is peripheral vasodilator and powerful natriuretic.
41
What is the effects of prostaglandin F in CNS?
PGF constricts arterioles and veins.
42
prostaglandin I also called
Prostacycline
43
PG I (prostacycline) is found in:
Vascular endothelium
44
Prostacycline is a
a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is a vasodilator.
45
Which Prostaglandins is a inhibitor of platelet aggregation and is a vasodilator?
Prostacycline (PG I)
46
Are prostaglandins important in pain generation and perception?
Yes
47
Which prostaglandins produce hyperalgesia associated with inflammation?
PGE and PGI
48
What is hyperalgesia?
An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme response to pain
49
Prostaglandins Therapeutic uses include:
Cervical ripening and labor induction, control of postpartum hemorrhage, induction of abortion, and prophylaxis of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers
50
Which prostaglandins is a potent pyrogenic substance?
PG E
51
Adverse Effects of prostaglandins are:
Fever, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
52
Histamine is release by
Immune cells called mast cells in response to allergens.
53
Why histamine is release by mast cell?
in response to allergens.
54
What is the physiological effect of histamine on blood vessels?
Vasodilation
55
What is the physiological effect of histamine on gastric cells?
Gastric acid secretion
56
What is difference between histamine and adrenaline?
Histamine is a molecule that is released by immune cells called mast cells and adrenaline is a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress
57
Explain histamine and adrenaline effect on blood vessels?
Histamine and adrenaline have opposing effects on blood vessels, with histamine causing vasodilation and adrenaline causing vasoconstriction.
58
What is consequences of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis?
Gastritis Lead to low plasma renin activity Low levels of aldosterone in plasma.
59
What are the side effects of prostaglandin inhibition?
Acute kidney injury Hyperkalemia Hypertension Edema.
60
Excessive prostaglandins may lead to:
Painful periods and heavy menstrual bleeding
61
Low levels of prostaglandins can contribute to:
Stomach ulcers and glaucoma.
62
What is the role of prostaglandins in blood pressure?
Particularly PGE2 and PGI2, affect blood pressure through control of vascular resistance, salt excretion, cardiac output, and renin secretion.

Pharmacy (7 decks)

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