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CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension may be classified into:

A
  • Mild hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure between 95-105 mmHg
  • Moderate hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure between 105 – 115mmHg
  • Severe hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure above 115mmHg.
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2
Q

What are non-pharmacological approaches to hypertension therapy?

A
  • Low sodium chloride diet
  • Weight reduction
  • Exercise
  • Cessation of smoking
  • Decrease in excessive consumption of alcohol
  • Psychological methods (relaxation, meditation …etc)
  • Dietary decrease in saturated fats.
    only modest reductions (5 to 10 mmHg) in blood pressure can be achieved.
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3
Q

Anti - hypertensive drugs are classified according to

A

Diuretics
Sympathoplegic agents
Direct vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers

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4
Q

Diuretics anti - hypertensive drugs includes?

A

Thiazides
Loop Diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics,

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5
Q

How does thiazide diuretics work?

A

Reduce blood pressure by reducing blood volume and cardiac out put as a result of a pronounced increase in urinary water and electrolyte particularly sodium excretion.

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6
Q

What is chronic effect of thiazide diuretics?

A

With chronic administration (6-8weeks), they decrease blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance as the cardiac out put and blood volume return gradually to normal values.

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7
Q

What are the Thiazides and related drugs?

A

Hydrochlorthiazide bendrofluazide
Chlorthalidone

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8
Q

What are the name Loop diuretics drugs?

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide

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9
Q

How does loop diuretic work?

A

They work by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney, which leads to increased urine production and the removal of excess fluid from the body.

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10
Q

What are the side effect of loop diuretic?

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
Decreased kidney function

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11
Q

What are Potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

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12
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics that are commonly used to treat

A

Edema and high blood pressure

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13
Q

Which medication is used as sodium channel blocker?

A

Triamterene
Amiloride

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14
Q

Which medication is used as aldosterone antagonist?

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone

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15
Q

What are centrally acting antihypertensive agents?

A

Methyldopa, Clonidine

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16
Q

What are the side effects of methyldopa?

A

Sedation, vertigo, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
postural hypotension, impotence, haemolytic anemia, weight gain

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17
Q

Diuretics sympathoplegic agents further divided into

A
  • Centrally acting antihypertensive agents
  • Adrenoceptor antagonists
  • Adrenergic neuron
  • Drugs which deplete catecholamine stores
  • Ganglion blockers
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18
Q

Which drug is for both alpha and beta blocker?

A

Labetalol

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19
Q

Name a beta blocker drug?

A

Propranolol

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20
Q

Name a alpha blocker drug?

A

Prazosin

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21
Q

Which medicine belong to adrenergic neuron-blocking drug?

A

Guanethidine

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22
Q

Which drugs deplete catecholamine storage?

A

Reserpine

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23
Q

Which diuretic drug work as ganglion blockers?

A

Trimethaphan

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24
Q

Hydralazine:

A

It dilates arterioles but not veins. It is used particularly in severe hypertension.

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25
Sodium nitroprusside:
It is a powerful vasodilator that is used in treating hypertensive emergencies as well as severe cardiac failure.
26
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are:
Captopril Enalapril
27
Calcium channel blockers drugs are:
Nifedipine Verapamil Nicardipine
28
What are the drugs classifications that used for Hypertension?
* Thiazide diuretics * Beta blockers * Calcium channel blockers * Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors * Central sympathoplegic agents
29
Which ethnicity react more to diuretics and calcium channel blockers?
Black patients
30
Heart failure is usually caused by one of the following:
􀂃 Ischaemic heart disease, 􀂃 Hypertension, 􀂃 Heart muscle disorders, and 􀂃 Valvular heart disease.
31
Drugs used to treat heart failure can be broadly divided into:
A. Drugs with positive inotropic effect. B. Drugs without positive inotropic effect.
32
Drugs with positive inotropic includes:
* Cardiac glycosides * Bipyridine derivatives * Sympathomimetics * Methylxanthines
33
Toxicity of cardiac glycosides include:
* Gastrointestinal effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea * Cardiac effects such as bradycardia, heart block, arrhythmias * CNS effects such as headache, malaise, hallucinations,
34
Name Beta - adrenergic stimulants drugs
Dobutamine Dopamine
35
Which drugs belong to Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?
Captopril Enalapril
36
Name vasodilator drugs:
Hydralazine Sodium nitroprusside
37
Which drugs are used in angina pectoris?
Organic nitrates e.g. nitro-glycerine, isosorbide dinitrate Beta adrenergic blocking agents e.g. propranolol, atenolol Calcium channel blocking agents e.g. verapamil, nifedipine
38
Isosorbide dinitrate used to treat
Angina pectoris
39
Nitro-glycerine used to treat
Angina pectoris
40
What are adverse effects of calcium blocker?
Nausea/vomiting, headache, dizziness, constipation,
41
Acetylsalicylic acid is also known as
Aspirin
42
What is classification of antiarrhythmic drugs?
Class (I): Sodium channel blockers Class (II): Beta adrenergic blockers Class (III): Potassium channel blockers Class (IV): Calcium channel blockers Class (V): Digitalis
43
Sodium channel blockers which include:
Quinidine Lidocaine Phenytion
44
Beta adrenergic blockers drugs are
Propranolol Atenolol
45
Potassium channel blockers drugs are
Amiodarone Bretylium
46
Verapamil is
Calcium channel blockers
47
Digoxin is
Class 5 drug used as antiarrhythmic drugs
48
Quinidine is
Sodium channel blockers
49
Amiodarone is
Potassium channel blockers
50
Atenolol is
Beta adrenergic blocking agents
51
What is the Class – I drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?
Quinidine
52
What is the Class – II drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?
Propranolol
53
What is the Class – III drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?
AMIODARONE
54
Class – I drugs for cardiac arrhythmias is also called
Sodium channel blockers
55
Class – II drugs for cardiac arrhythmias is also called
Beta adrenergic blockers
56
Class – III drugs for cardiac arrhythmias is also called
Potassium channel blockers
57
What is the Class – IV drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?
Verapamil
58
What is the classification of diuretics?
I. Thiazides and related diuretics II. Loop diuretics III. Potassium sparing diuretics IV. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors V. Osmotic diuretics
59
Name a the loop diuretics drugs?
Furosemide
60
Amiloride drug is a
Potassium sparing diuretics
61
Name osmotic diuretics drugs?
Mannitol Glycerol
62
Which drug is used in shock?
Dopamine
63
What are the vasodilator drugs?
Nitropruside Nnitroglycerine
64
Which medicine is used as vasoconstrictor in anaphylactic shock?
Levarterenol
65
Sympathomimetics drugs is also known as
Adrenergic agonists,
66
Albuterol is
A beta blocker A bronchodilator used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
67
What are the common adverse effects of vasodilators?
Headaches Dizziness Nausea Edema
68
Digitalis also known as
Digoxin
69
How digitalis and loop diuretics interact?
There is a potential interaction between digitalis and loop diuretics, as both medications can cause a loss of potassium in the body. Low potassium levels can increase the risk of heart rhythm disturbances, which can be particularly dangerous in individuals taking digitalis. This is because digitalis can also affect the heart's electrical conduction system, and low potassium levels can exacerbate these effects.
70
Which drug is used for cardiogenic shock?
Dopamine
71
What is Autacoids?
“Autacoids” is a collective term for various endogenous peptides, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These are sometimes also called local hormones.

Pharmacy (7 decks)

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