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Pharmacy > CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DRUGS > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension may be classified into:

A
  • Mild hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure between 95-105 mmHg
  • Moderate hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure between 105 – 115mmHg
  • Severe hypertension with a diastolic blood pressure above 115mmHg.
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2
Q

What are non-pharmacological approaches to hypertension therapy?

A
  • Low sodium chloride diet
  • Weight reduction
  • Exercise
  • Cessation of smoking
  • Decrease in excessive consumption of alcohol
  • Psychological methods (relaxation, meditation …etc)
  • Dietary decrease in saturated fats.
    only modest reductions (5 to 10 mmHg) in blood pressure can be achieved.
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3
Q

Anti - hypertensive drugs are classified according to

A

Diuretics
Sympathoplegic agents
Direct vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers

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4
Q

Diuretics anti - hypertensive drugs includes?

A

Thiazides
Loop Diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics,

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5
Q

How does thiazide diuretics work?

A

Reduce blood pressure by reducing blood volume and cardiac out put as a result of a pronounced increase in urinary water and electrolyte particularly sodium excretion.

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6
Q

What is chronic effect of thiazide diuretics?

A

With chronic administration (6-8weeks), they decrease blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance as the cardiac out put and blood volume return gradually to normal values.

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7
Q

What are the Thiazides and related drugs?

A

Hydrochlorthiazide bendrofluazide
Chlorthalidone

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8
Q

What are the name Loop diuretics drugs?

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide

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9
Q

How does loop diuretic work?

A

They work by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney, which leads to increased urine production and the removal of excess fluid from the body.

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10
Q

What are the side effect of loop diuretic?

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
Decreased kidney function

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11
Q

What are Potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

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12
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics that are commonly used to treat

A

Edema and high blood pressure

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13
Q

Which medication is used as sodium channel blocker?

A

Triamterene
Amiloride

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14
Q

Which medication is used as aldosterone antagonist?

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone

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15
Q

What are centrally acting antihypertensive agents?

A

Methyldopa, Clonidine

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16
Q

What are the side effects of methyldopa?

A

Sedation, vertigo, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
postural hypotension, impotence, haemolytic anemia, weight gain

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17
Q

Diuretics sympathoplegic agents further divided into

A
  • Centrally acting antihypertensive agents
  • Adrenoceptor antagonists
  • Adrenergic neuron
  • Drugs which deplete catecholamine stores
  • Ganglion blockers
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18
Q

Which drug is for both alpha and beta blocker?

A

Labetalol

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19
Q

Name a beta blocker drug?

A

Propranolol

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20
Q

Name a alpha blocker drug?

A

Prazosin

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21
Q

Which medicine belong to adrenergic neuron-blocking drug?

A

Guanethidine

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22
Q

Which drugs deplete catecholamine storage?

A

Reserpine

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23
Q

Which diuretic drug work as ganglion blockers?

A

Trimethaphan

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24
Q

Hydralazine:

A

It dilates arterioles but not veins. It is used particularly in severe hypertension.

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25
Q

Sodium nitroprusside:

A

It is a powerful vasodilator that is used in treating hypertensive emergencies as well as severe cardiac failure.

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26
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are:

A

Captopril
Enalapril

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27
Q

Calcium channel blockers drugs are:

A

Nifedipine
Verapamil
Nicardipine

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28
Q

What are the drugs classifications that used for Hypertension?

A
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  • Central sympathoplegic agents
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29
Q

Which ethnicity react more to diuretics and calcium channel blockers?

A

Black patients

30
Q

Heart failure is usually caused by one of the following:

A

􀂃 Ischaemic heart disease,
􀂃 Hypertension,
􀂃 Heart muscle disorders, and
􀂃 Valvular heart disease.

31
Q

Drugs used to treat heart failure can be broadly divided into:

A

A. Drugs with positive inotropic effect.
B. Drugs without positive inotropic effect.

32
Q

Drugs with positive inotropic includes:

A
  • Cardiac glycosides
  • Bipyridine derivatives
  • Sympathomimetics
  • Methylxanthines
33
Q

Toxicity of cardiac glycosides include:

A
  • Gastrointestinal effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
  • Cardiac effects such as bradycardia, heart block, arrhythmias
  • CNS effects such as headache, malaise, hallucinations,
34
Q

Name Beta - adrenergic stimulants drugs

A

Dobutamine
Dopamine

35
Q

Which drugs belong to Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A

Captopril
Enalapril

36
Q

Name vasodilator drugs:

A

Hydralazine
Sodium nitroprusside

37
Q

Which drugs are used in angina pectoris?

A

Organic nitrates e.g. nitro-glycerine, isosorbide dinitrate
Beta adrenergic blocking agents e.g. propranolol, atenolol
Calcium channel blocking agents e.g. verapamil, nifedipine

38
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate used to treat

A

Angina pectoris

39
Q

Nitro-glycerine used to treat

A

Angina pectoris

40
Q

What are adverse effects of calcium blocker?

A

Nausea/vomiting, headache, dizziness, constipation,

41
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid is also known as

A

Aspirin

42
Q

What is classification of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Class (I): Sodium channel blockers
Class (II): Beta adrenergic blockers
Class (III): Potassium channel blockers
Class (IV): Calcium channel blockers
Class (V): Digitalis

43
Q

Sodium channel blockers which include:

A

Quinidine
Lidocaine
Phenytion

44
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers drugs are

A

Propranolol
Atenolol

45
Q

Potassium channel blockers drugs are

A

Amiodarone
Bretylium

46
Q

Verapamil is

A

Calcium channel blockers

47
Q

Digoxin is

A

Class 5 drug used as antiarrhythmic drugs

48
Q

Quinidine is

A

Sodium channel blockers

49
Q

Amiodarone is

A

Potassium channel blockers

50
Q

Atenolol is

A

Beta adrenergic blocking agents

51
Q

What is the Class – I drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Quinidine

52
Q

What is the Class – II drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Propranolol

53
Q

What is the Class – III drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?

A

AMIODARONE

54
Q

Class – I drugs for cardiac arrhythmias is also called

A

Sodium channel blockers

55
Q

Class – II drugs for cardiac arrhythmias is also called

A

Beta adrenergic blockers

56
Q

Class – III drugs for cardiac arrhythmias is also called

A

Potassium channel blockers

57
Q

What is the Class – IV drugs for cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Verapamil

58
Q

What is the classification of diuretics?

A

I. Thiazides and related diuretics
II. Loop diuretics
III. Potassium sparing diuretics
IV. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
V. Osmotic diuretics

59
Q

Name a the loop diuretics drugs?

A

Furosemide

60
Q

Amiloride drug is a

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

61
Q

Name osmotic diuretics drugs?

A

Mannitol
Glycerol

62
Q

Which drug is used in shock?

A

Dopamine

63
Q

What are the vasodilator drugs?

A

Nitropruside
Nnitroglycerine

64
Q

Which medicine is used as vasoconstrictor in anaphylactic shock?

A

Levarterenol

65
Q

Sympathomimetics drugs is also known as

A

Adrenergic agonists,

66
Q

Albuterol is

A

A beta blocker
A bronchodilator used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

67
Q

What are the common adverse effects of vasodilators?

A

Headaches
Dizziness
Nausea
Edema

68
Q

Digitalis also known as

A

Digoxin

69
Q

How digitalis and loop diuretics interact?

A

There is a potential interaction between digitalis and loop diuretics, as both medications can cause a loss of potassium in the body.
Low potassium levels can increase the risk of heart rhythm disturbances, which can be particularly dangerous in individuals taking digitalis. This is because digitalis can also affect the heart’s electrical conduction system, and low potassium levels can exacerbate these effects.

70
Q

Which drug is used for cardiogenic shock?

A

Dopamine

71
Q

What is Autacoids?

A

“Autacoids” is a collective term for various endogenous peptides, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These are sometimes also called local hormones.

Pharmacy (7 decks)

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