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FHB > Endocrinology 3- Hypothalamus And Pituitary Relationship > Flashcards

Endocrinology 3- Hypothalamus And Pituitary Relationship Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hypothalamus

A

At base of brain but above pituitary gland (which is outside of the brain)

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2
Q

What can we consider the hypothalamus as, as far as role?

A

An integration center - limbic system processes emotion and fear, sensory system, reticular activating system is part of brain stem, viscera takes in things coming from organs, hormones are in blood, and chemical substrates are all going to be integrated here and processed to have a correct response.

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3
Q

What are the 4 hypothalamic nuclei she wants us to know

A

PVN (blood pressure)
SO (Thirst)
ARC ( feeding behavior, satiety)
POA (Body temperature)

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4
Q

Can pituitary release hormones without hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus is absolutely required for pituitary function

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5
Q

What is the area where hypothalamus axons converge toward where they will dump hormone into the pituitary portal system

A

median eminance

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6
Q

What is kallan syndrome

A

GnRH hormones fail to enter CNS –> Reproductive failure and asomnia (no smell) – x linked

neurons get stuck in cribriform plate

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7
Q

Why is pulsitility of hormone release important?

A

So that you aren’t just downregulating the receptors on target organs – you need to release in a manner so that those receptors are replaced

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8
Q

A hypothalamic hormone binding to the anterior pituitary gland will lead to what two outcomes

A

Release and synthesis of hormoen

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9
Q

What is the hypophysial portal system

A

Vascular connection between hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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10
Q

How was the hypophysial portal system discovered

A

When the pituitary gland was transplanted to other regions of the body it didn’t work, but when it was reimplanted beneath hypothalamus it worked

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11
Q

Do the anterior and posterior pituitary have the same blood supply

A

NO

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12
Q

Does the posterior pituitary have a portal system

A

NO

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13
Q

Tuberoinfundibular system

A

Tract of neurons that goes to anterior pituitary - project to median eminance, deposit hormones into portal system

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14
Q

Neurohypophysial tract

A

Neurons whose axons terminate in posterior pituitary

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15
Q

3 regions of anterior pituitary gland

A

pars distalis, pars tuberalis, pars intermedia

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16
Q

2 regions of posterior pituitary

A

Pars nervosa, infundibulum (stalk)

17
Q

Pars tuberalis - what is here?

A

Median eminance

18
Q

What is the big bulb of the anterior pituitary called

A

Pars tuberalis

19
Q

What are the “hypophysis” names for anterior and posterior pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis: Anterior pituitary
Neurohypophysis: Posterior pituitary

20
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

A

Glandular tissue, cords of epithelial cells

21
Q

What kind of tissue makes up neurohypophysis/posterior pituiary

A

Neural tissue - terminal axons and glial cells

22
Q

Major hormones frm posterior pituitary gland

A

Arginine vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH) and oxytocin (OXY)

23
Q

Cell bodies from the posterior pituitary are where? What is the name for their cell type?

A

Hypothalamus - mangocellular

24
Q

What is the lobe of the pituitary that is basically just termination from long axons from the hypothalamus

A

posterior pituitary gland

25
Q

Axons for cell bodies in posterior pituitary gland terminate where? What is this location called?

A

Near fenestrated capillaries - into structures called herring boddies

26
Q

What exactly are herring bodies

A

dilations of unmyelinated axons near their terminals containing either AVP or OXY + a binding protein, neurophysin

27
Q

What is the median eminance?

A

The interface for all hypophysiotrohic hormones - it lies outside of the blood brain barrier. This is where axons will converge from hypothalamus for the anterior pituitary gland

28
Q

Is the median eminance inside or ouside the blood brain barier

A

outside

29
Q

5 cell types in anterior pituitary which are activated by portal system

A 
Lactotrophs (make prolactin)
somatotrophs (make growth hormone)
thyrotrophs (tsh)
gonadotropes (lh/fsh)
corticotropin
30
Q

Acidophils

A

Most abundant of hormone producing cells, include somatotrophs and lactotrophs

31
Q

Basophils

A

Corticotrophs, gonadotrophs, and thyrotrophs

32
Q

Chromophobes

A

Paracrine cells

33
Q

Where are GH and PRL releasing cells primarily located

A

On the outside parts of the pituitary

34
Q

Where are ACTH releasing cells located

A

On the inner part of the anterior pituitary (middle)

35
Q

Where are TSH releasing cells primarily located

A

At the most far part of the pituitary from the neurohypophysis in the middle

36
Q

Where are FSH and Lh released from in anteiror pituitary

A

everywhere sprinkled around

37
Q

Do pituitary hormones have a circadian rhythm

A

Yes

FHB (54 decks)

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