ACID BASE 01 Flashcards
too many protons is acidosis or alkalosis
acidosis
too little protons is acidosis or alkalosis
alkalosis (high pH)
Plasma levels of protons are dependent on what 4 things
Metabolism of ingested food
secretions from GI
De novo acid/base generation from metabolism of stored fat and glycogen
changes in CO2 production
What is the approximate concentration of hydrogen in blood
40nM
How do we prevent respiratory acidosis?
Breathing
What two organs are critical in the acid/base balance
Lungs, kidneys
What is the lungs’ job in acid/base balance
excrete CO2
in the realm of acids and bases what is CO2
a volatile (it is airborne) acid
What do the kidneys do with regard to acid/base balance
excrete acids (fixed, due to being in solution) in a process called Renal Net Acid Excretion RNAE)
Intracellular pH
7.2
extracellular pH (arterial blood pH)
7.35-7.45
The relationship between pH and H is non-linear. Why?
It’s logrithmic relationship
If pH is above 7.45 we call this __
alkalemia
if pH is below 7.35 we all this ____
acidemia
How do we carry CO2 in bodies
As bicarb
how do we get bicarb from CO2
carbonic anhydrase (found in RBCs)
How do we get rid of CO2
Breathing .
how do we get the fixed acids our body needs to yeet
catabolism of proteins and phospholipids generates sulfuric acids and phosphoric acids.
Before acids can be excreted by kidneys what must happen
they need to be buffered
What does a buffered solution do with regard to pH
resiss the fuck out of it
What kind of acid-base relationshipps are we looking at in this
Bronsted lowry
For weak acids, the acid form is called ____ and refered to as the proton ____
HA, donor
For weak bases, the H donor form is called ____ and it’s proton acceptor is called____
HB+ , B
The base form of a weak acid is ____ and is the proton ___
A-, acceptor
Henderson hasslebach equation
What is the pKa of a buffer
The equilibrium point where [acid]=[base]
Also, around this point will be the best buffering zone , so therefore a buffer is most effective when pK = environmental pH
Dissociation and equilibrium constants of weak acids
Less dissociated; high pKs
two main buffer systems in ECF
Bicarb and phosphate
pKa of bicarb and phosphate
6.1 and 6.8 respectively
Which is the most important intracellular buffer
Bicarb/CO2 buffer
What do the yellow and blue lines on this chart represent
Buffering zones
So the yellow is the best buffering area where we resist pH changes despite different concentrations of CO2 and bicarb. The blue lines is when there is a mismatch and we are in a state of alkalosis or acidosis. If you notice the blue lines for alkalosis are a bit spread out and this is a consquence of pH being in a logrithmic scale
The circle in the yllow line is ideally where we want to be
What are some intracellular buffers
organic phosphates and proteins
most significant intracellular buffer
Hemoglobin - it is very high in RBCs
