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Pedia > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

0
Q

Normal height for age, over time starts falling of the height curve

A

Pathologic short stature

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1
Q

Definitive diagnosis for hypopituitarism

A

Absent or low levels of GH

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2
Q

Normal range for height, normal adult height is reached but the growth spurt is delayed

A

Constitutional short stature

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3
Q

GH treatment

A

hGH 0.18-0.3 mg/kg/week 6-7 divided doses

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4
Q

Cardinal clinical feauture of giantism

A

Longitudinal growth acceleration due to GH excess

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5
Q

Diagnosis of hyperpituitarism(lab)

A

Serum somatomedin

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6
Q

Medical management for hyperpituitarism

A

Octreotide

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7
Q

Cardinal features of diabetes insipidus

A

Polydipsia and polyuria

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8
Q

Hormone involved in DI

A

Vasopressin

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9
Q

Vasopressin is synthesized where?

A

Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

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10
Q

Managament for DI(central)

A

Fluid therapy, long acting vasopressin, analog dDAVP

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11
Q

Management for nephrogenic DI

A

Tx of underlying d/o; thiazides

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12
Q

Precocious puberty is the onset of sexual characteristics at what age?

A

<8yo in girls

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13
Q

Premature thelarche is defined as

A

Breast development in 1st 2 years of life

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14
Q

Labs in precocious puberty

A

Immunometric assay for LH, pelvic ultrasound, cranial CT scan/MRI

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15
Q

Tx for precocious puberty

A

Leuprolide acetate 0.25-0.3 mg/kg IM q4 weeks

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16
Q

With cessation of therapy in precocious puberty, menarche and ovulatory changes appear within how many months?

A

6-18 mos

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17
Q

Earliest sign of graves disease

A

Emotional disturbance with motor hyperactivity

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18
Q

Disappearance predicts remission of grave’s disease

A

TRSAb

19
Q

Antithyroid drug prefered for pregnant women

A

PTU

20
Q

Most common cause of thyroid disease in children in children and adolescents

A

Thyroiditis

21
Q

Associated with an increased risk of goiter and thyroiditis

A

HLA DR4 and HLA DR5

22
Q

Seen in 90% of children with thyroiditis

A

Thyroid antiperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs)

23
Q

Management for hypocalcemia

A

Neonatal tetany: 5-10 ml of 10% solution of calcium gluconate IV at a rate of 0.5 -1ml/min and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol(calcitrol)

24
Q

Hyperparathyroidsim is usually due to

A

Single benign adenoma

25
Q

Characterized by hyperplasia or neoplasia of the endocrine pancreas, anterior pituitary and parathyroid

A

MEN syndrome

26
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcemia

A

Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, fatigue overtones

27
Q

Most consistent xray finding in hypeparathyroidism

A

Resorption of subperiosteal bone(along the margins of the phalanges)

28
Q

CAH is due to a deficiency in what enzyme

A

21 hydroxylase

29
Q

Lab finding in CAH

A

Low Na, Cl, inc K; low serum cortisol; INCREASED SERUM 17-OHP

30
Q

Most definitive test in addison’s disease

A

Measurement of plasma or serum level of cortisol before and after administration ACTH

31
Q

Characteristic pattern of obesity with associated hypertension

A

Cushing syndrome

32
Q

Short stature, webbing of neck, pectus carinutum/excavatum, cubitus valgus, right sided CHD, hypertelorism, downward slanted palbebral fissure, ptosis, micrognathia, moderate MR in25%, SNHL; delayed puberty, cryptochordism

A

Noonan syndrome

33
Q

47 xxxy chromosome

A

Klinefelter syndrone

34
Q

Most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males

A

Klinefelter syndrome

35
Q

Management for klinefelter syndrome

A

Long acting testosterone preparation and enanthane ester

36
Q

45 x,chromosomal complement

A

Turner syndrome

37
Q

Cardinal finding in all girls with turner syndrome

A

Short stature

38
Q

Management of tuner syndrome

A

Recombinant GH, Premarin(conjugated estrogen)

39
Q

Most common endocrine metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence

A

DM

40
Q

Found in 80-90% of newly diagnosed DM patients

A

Islet cell antibosies

41
Q

Diagnostic criteria for DM

A

Random plasma glucose >200mg/dL; fasting plasma glucose >126mg/dL

42
Q

Level of glucose in diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Glucose >300mg/dL

43
Q

Blood glucose level in Nonketotoic hyperosmolar coma

A

Blood glucose >800mg/dL

44
Q

HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose concentration of the last ___ months?

A

2-3 mos

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