Endocrine vs Nervous System

Question 0

What supply organs and tissues in distinct anatomically defined pathways, using electrical impulses to propagate as action potentials (changes in sodium and potassium permeability)?

Answer 0

Nerves

Question 1

Which system utilises ENDOCRINE GLANDS to release HORMONES which are secreted into the BLOOD which acts as a TRAVEL MEDIUM to get to RECEPTORS?

Answer 1

The endocrine system

Question 2

What system acts on a limited number of cells, has high speed transmission and point to point precision and uses APs?

Answer 2

The nervous system

Question 3

Chemical agents and the synthesis and release of these agents are common features of what 2 systems?

Answer 3

Endocrine and Nervous

Endocrine = hormones, NS = NTs and adrenaline (hormone)

Endocrine targets distant locations, Nervous has more local actions

Question 4

Does the nervous or endocrine system have more local actions?

Answer 4

NS

Question 5

The NS works with the endocrine system to produce and release which 2 hormones?

Answer 5

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 6

Name 3 structural differences between the SNS and PNS:

Answer 6

Where neurones come out of the spinal cord
(SNS = thoracic and lumbar, PNS = cranial and sacral/eat and poo)

NTs
(SNS = ACh and Nor, PNS = ACh only)

Length of pre and post ganglionic neurons
(SNS = short pre, long post, PNS = long pre, short post)

Question 7

The zona reticularis, zona fasiculata and the zona glomerulosa are the 3 zones of which gland?

Answer 7

The Adrenal Gland/Cortex

Question 8

The SNS activates the Adrenal Gland to release adrenaline (4) and noradrenaline (1). This is released into the blood stream which can cause stress. How lasting is this?

Answer 8

Long lasting

Question 9

Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does A1 receptor do and where is it located?

Answer 9

A1 - peripheral vascular smooth muscle = vasoconstriction (look pale as blood goes to organs)

Question 10

Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does A2 receptor do and where is it located?

Answer 10

A2 - presynaptic membrane = inhibits NT release

Question 11

Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does B1 receptor do and where is it located?

Answer 11

B1 - heart = increases contraction and HR

Question 12

Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does B2 receptor do and where is it located?

Answer 12

B2 - bronchial smooth muscle and vascular smooth muscle = dilates bronchioles and vasodilates

Question 13

Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does B3 receptor do and where is it located?

Answer 13

B3 - adipose tissue = lipolysis (breaks down fats)

Question 14

Does the endocrine or nervous system have a rapid response to stimuli?

Answer 14

Nervous.

Endocrine is slower

Question 15

Which of the endocrine or nervous system’s speed is dependent on blood flow?

Answer 15

Endocrine

Question 16

Does the distance between effector and vascular supply affect the speed of the endocrine or nervous system?

Answer 16

Endocrine

Nervous is often short distances

Question 17

Does the nervous or endocrine have short lived effects of around 10ms?

Answer 17

Nervous

Endocrine lasts from hours to days

Question 18

ACh acts on cholinergic receptors. Name the 2 of these:

Answer 18

Nictonic and Muscarinic

Question 19

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline act on adrenergic receptors. Name these:

Answer 19

A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3

Question 20

What hormone is released from the parathyroid gland to increase plasma calcium?

Answer 20

Parathyroid hormone

Question 21

What hormone is released from the thyroid gland to decrease plasma calcium?

Answer 21

Calcitonin

Question 22

What hormone is released from the adrenal cortex to increase sodium?

Answer 22

Aldosterone

Question 23

Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus, stored in the PPG and promotes the reabsorption of water?

Answer 23

ADH

Question 24

What hormone is secreted by the heart and decreases sodium?

Answer 24

ANP

Question 25

Which hormones play an important role in both the Endocrine and NS?

Answer 25

Adrenaline, oxytocin and ADH

NOT Nor it is an NT