endocrine systems Flashcards
What is the function of endocrine systems? How does it work? What are the main endocrine glands?
It produces hormones that regulate the functions of body activities. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream and are transported to the target organs. The main endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal, pancreas and gonads.
Which endocrine gland assists in fluid retention? What is the name of the hormone and what does it do?
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases the hormone vasopressin which acts on the kidneys and acts as an antidiuretic (Inhibits urine production, hence retaining bodily fluids).
What hormones does the anterior portion of the pituitary gland produce? (Hint: 6 hormones)
FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, GH, prolactin. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropin hormone, growth hormone and prolactin.
What does the thyroid stimulating hormone do?
Synthesises and releases thyroxine from the thyroid glands which regulate the rate at which cells utilises oxygen.
Which hormone is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates, sodium and potassium? What is an additional function and what does it control?
Adrenocorticotropin hormone controls the secretion of hormones in adrenal glands as well as the rate at which substances between blood and tissues are exchanged.
What is the hormone that promotes entrance of amino acids into body for synthesis into protein, for release of fatty acids into blood for energy, and the formation of glucose and release into the blood?
Growth hormone.
Which hormones regulate the metabolism of fats, protein and carbs?
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are iodine-containing hormones that regulate the metabolism of the mentioned, and increases oxygen consumption and heat induction in the process.
Which part of the adrenal glands do the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine produce?
The medulla portion.
What is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
These two hormones work together to react to stress/emergencies. Epinephrine dilates the blood vessels feeding the lungs, heart and skeletal muscles, elevates blood glucose levels and increases heart rate, force and amplitude.
Norepinephrine increases heart rate and the force of contraction in cardiac muscles and constricts blood vessels in most parts of the body.
What is insulin and what are its functions?
Insulin is a substance that prevents the breakdown of glycogen and decreases blood sugar levels. It favours lipid production and storage, it also plays a part in lipid and protein metabolism and regulates movements of amino acids into the cells.
