Endocrine System; System & Disorders Flashcards
What does the Endocrine System and How Many Organs are in the System?
9, The organs secrete hormones for body function coordination/ homeostasis. Will work with NS to respond to receptors
What things does the Endocrine System Maintain? (6)
- Metabolism
- Growth/development
- Emotions/mood
- Sleep
- BP
- Fertility and sexual function
The 8 Organs in the System
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid gland
- Para-thyroid gland
- Adrenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Ovaries OR
- Testes
What Happens to Hormone Levels during Menopause?
Oestrogen levels fall rapidly leading to bodily changes, complications of ongoing health issues
Its symptoms have contributary effects on other conditions
Hypothalamic Disorder
Often due to head injury, can have significant effect on other areas of the body due to the role of the hypothalamus in other function
Pituitary Tumours
Can affect the amount of hormones secreted which in turn effects the organs the hormones communicate with causing symptoms related to these (eg hypo/hyperthyroidism)
Pineal Dysfunction
Reduced melatonin production leads to; insomnia, abnormal thyroid function, increased anxiety, seasonal disorders
Goiters (Thyroid Disorder)
Bulge in neck associated with hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism Symptoms (6)
XS thyroid hormones which can lead to;
- hyperactivity
- mood swings
- anxiety and depression
- sleep disorders
- sensitivity to temperature
- muscle weakness
Hypothyroidism Symptoms (5)
Decrease thyroid hormones which can lead to;
- fatigue
- temperature sensitivity
- weight gain
- muscle cramps
- muscle weakness
Thyroid Cancer
Hoarseness, neck pain, lump in front of neck, enlarged lymph, dysphagia
Hyperparathyroidism
XS PTH production regardless of Ca lvls. Causes bones to release Ca continuously causing osteoporosis (loss of bone density)
Hypoparathyroidism
Rare condition leading to paraesthesia, twitching face muscles, muscles pain and cramps
Addison’s Disease
Adrenaline deficiency meaning reduced cortisol and aldosterone production. Symptoms includes weakness, fatigue, nausea, weight loss, low BP, salt cravings
Addisonian Crisis; Cause and Symptoms
-occurs when the adrenal glands, which are located at the top of each kidney, do not produce enough cortisol.
-Symptoms include; fainting/lack of consciousness. Extreme fatigue. Very low BP, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and stomach pain.
-Usually triggered by crisis situations OR less likely as gastrointestinal infection, fever, or emotional stress
Ovarian Cancer
Early Stages are usually symptomless but later stages include abdominal pain, swelling, extra menstrual bleedings, Abnormal periods
Ovarian Cysts
Common; vary in size; majority are benign but depending on size (risk of disrupting blood supply/twisting ovary) maybe removed surgically
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Develops due to hormone imbalance. Patients can have high testosterone lvls, often associated with Type 2 diabetes overweight
Female hyper/hypogonadism
Imbalance of oestrogen
Male Hypogonadism
Insufficient testosterone production. Primary = disorder w/ testicle Secondary = Issue w/ pituitary gland and its effect on testosterone production.
In adolescents can delay puberty or cause incomplete normal development.
In adults, infertility, ED, gynecomastia (swelling of male breast tissue), osteoporosis, hair loss, loss muscle mass
Male Hypergonadism
Abnormally high testosterone lvls, increase sex drive, early balding, excessive muscle mass, acne. Anabolic steroid can raise androgen functional activity.
Testicular Cancer
Seen as a hard lump in the testes, enlargement, pain/tenderness, groin pain
