Endocrine system definitions

Question 1

what is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones which regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, sleep and mood among other things

Question 2

What is the pancreas?

Answer 2

A large gland that is located behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes to the duodenum and secretes insulin

Question 3

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

A major endocrine gland that is attached to the base of the brain.

Question 4

What does the pituitary gland control?

Answer 4

Controls growth and development and other functions

Question 5

What is the pituitary gland also known as?

Answer 5

The master gland

Question 6

How many adrenal glands are there?

Answer 6

Two

Question 7

Where are the adrenal glands found?

Answer 7

Above the kidneys

Question 8

What are the adrenal glands?

Answer 8

They are adrenal glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline

Question 9

What is the thyroid gland?

Answer 9

A large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones which regulate growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

Question 10

What are hormones?

Answer 10

A regulatory substance.

Question 11

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 11

It is produced in organisms

Question 12

How are hormones transported?

Answer 12

They are transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap

Question 13

What are the ovaries?

Answer 13

A female reproductive organ in which eggs or ova are produced

Question 14

What are testes?

Answer 14

Two oval shaped male reproductive glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.

Question 15

What do the testes help to indicate?

Answer 15

The start of puberty

Question 16

What is the cortex?

Answer 16

The outer layer of the cortex

Question 17

What is the medulla?

Answer 17

It is the inner region of the kidneys which contains thousands of nephrons

Question 18

What is the renal artery?

Answer 18

An artery that supplies the kidney with blood from the heart

Question 19

What is the renal vein?

Answer 19

It is a vein that carries blood that has been filtered by the kidney

Question 20

What is calyx?

Answer 20

Chambers which urine passes through

Question 21

What are ureters?

Answer 21

Tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 22

What is the bladder and what does it do?

Answer 22

It is a muscular sac that stores urine

Question 23

What is the urethra?

Answer 23

This is where urine passes out of the body

Question 24

What is a kidney nephron?

Answer 24

It is a functional unit of the kidney

Question 25

What is urea?

Answer 25

A substance that contains nitrogen. It is normally cleared from the body by the kidney into the urine

Question 26

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 26

A process where salt, water and glucose etc. are extracted from the blood

Question 27

What is re-absorption?

Answer 27

Process where the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluids and returns them to the blood

Question 28

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 28

Water regulation

Question 29

What is deamination?

Answer 29

This process is where the liver cells remove excess amino acids which results in the production of urea

Question 30

What is detoxification?

Answer 30

This is a process where the liver cells remove poisons like alcohol by breaking them down into harmless components.

Question 31

What is bile?

Answer 31

An alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Question 32

What is the role of bile in the liver?

Answer 32

It allows the liver to remove some poisonous by-products from metabolism

Question 33

What is homeostasis?

Answer 33

The maintenance of ideal or optimal body conditions

Question 34

What are negative feedback mechanisms?

Answer 34

The control system of homeostasis.
If the levels of something is too high then the control systems lower it
If the levels of something is too low then the control systems will work to raise them.

Question 35

What is type one diabetes?

Answer 35

An autoimmune condition where the body’s cells attack and destroy the cells that produce insulin.

Question 36

What is type two diabetes?

Answer 36

This condition happens when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin to control glucose levels.

Question 37

What can type 2 diabetes lead to?

Answer 37

Organ damage

Question 38

What is nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 38

A condition where the kidneys don’t work properly and so it leads to large amounts of protein to leak inton the urine

Question 39

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 39

A liver disease that involves a loss of liver cells and irreversible scarring of the liver

Question 40

What is a biopsy?

Answer 40

An example of tissue is removed from someone’s body and is examined.

Question 41

What can a biopsy do?

Answer 41

Helps to discover the presence, cause or extent of a disease

Question 42

What is dialysis?

Answer 42

The removal of waste products and toxic substances from the blood by a specialised machine as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney.

Question 43

What does the endocrine system regulate?

Answer 43

Metabolism
Growth and development
Tissue function 
Sexual function
Sleep 
Mood etc.