Endocrine System Flashcards
In order for all cells in our body to survive, we maintain …
…a constant internal environment
Examples of homeostasis?
Glucose for energy
Gas exchange (oxygen / carbon dioxide)
Growth rate
Removal of waste
Temperature
Homeostasis is the process by which…
…we maintain this constant internal environment, irrespective of the changing environment around us.
Homeostasis is accomplished by carefully balancing…
…excretion, losses, and intake of nutrients and internal production and metabolic consumption.
Homeostasis involves…
…the interaction between our many body systems
The endocrine system is closely linked with the…
…reproductive system
Whats a hormone?
a chemical released by one part of the body, but regulates the activity of a cell in another part of the body
Hormones are usually dispersed by…
…the blood circulation
What are glands?
synthesises substances (such as hormones) for release
Whats a neurotransmitter?
chemical released by nerve impulse; usually released locally at a synapse
Whats a receptor?
- Target for hormone
- Target for neurotransmitter
The endocrine system releases hormones into …
…the circulation or into interstitial fluid.
Hormones released by the endocrine system travel in the…
…bloodstream
Hormones target distant cells/organs in the…
…body
ENdocrine system regulates…
…homeostasis
Glands of the Endocrine System:
Pituitary / Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Thymus (Immune System lecture)
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries / Testes
In contrast, glands of the exocrine system…
…release fluids into the lumen or outside of the body, typically by way of a duct
the pancreas has both …
…endocrine and exocrine functions
Endocrine = insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream
Exocrine = digestive enzymes into the duodenum
Hormones released by endocrine glands travel around …
…the body, but only exert their effect on target cells
target cells have specific ________ for specific _________
target cells have specific receptors for specific hormones
adrenaline released by the …
…adrenal glands travels around the bloodstream and binds to adrenoceptors (adrenergic receptors)
when adrenaline meets β1 adrenoceptors in the heart
increases inotropy (force of contraction)
increases chronotropy (rate of contraction)
Whats intropy?
force of contraction
Whats chronotropy?
rate of contraction