Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the posterior pituitary
An extension of the neural tissue of the brain, sometimes referred to as the neurohypophysis
What is the anterior pituitary
A true endocrine gland of epithelial origin, sometimes called the adenohypophysis
What is the hypothalamus
A brain region that contains several collections of neuronal cell bodies that provide a connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system
What is the infundibulum
The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the brain
What is the role of the hypothalamus with regard to hormone release and endocrine function?
to release trophic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary
What is the target tissue of Prolactin (PRL)
mammary gland
What is the target tissue of Growth Hormone (GH)
Bones and muscles
What is the target tissue of Thyrotropin (TSH)
Thyroid gland
What is the target tissue of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
Adrenal gland
What is the target tissue of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
ovary or testis
What is the target tissue of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
ovary or testis
What is the target tissue of Oxytocin
mammary glands and uterus
What is the target tissue of Vasopressin
kidneys
Which loss of function would occur if you were to sever the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?
The anterior pituitary would not release hormones in response to trophic hormone stimulation
What type of chemical is released by the posterior pituitary
neurohormone
Which specific chemicals are released by the posterior pituitary
oxytocin and vasopressin
where are the posterior pituitary neurohormones produced
hypothalamus neuronal cell bodies
anterior pituitary is composed of _______ tissue
endocrine
posterior pituitary is composed of _______ tissue
neural
What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone
what are the tropic hormones
a group of hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands so as to produce their particular hormones: ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH
What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons
control secretion of TSH
Insulin like growth factor (IGF) is an ______ hormone
intermediary
IGFs are stimulated by
growth hormone
oxytocin is regulated by ________
neuroendocrine reflex
vasopressin is also known as
antidiruetic hormone (ADH)
What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone
negative feedback loop
human body organization - smallest to largest
- molecule
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
what is the definition of homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain relatively constant internal conditions even though external conditions may change
the lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the ______ environment
external
in which body cavity does the heart sit
thoracic
which two fluid compartments make up the extracellular fluid?
plasma and interstitial fluid
lipids in the membrane include
phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids
______ proteins extend all the way across the membrane
transmembrane
phospholipids are made of a _____ head and a _____ tail
hydrophilic;
hydrophobic
what are micelles?
Droplets of phospholipids containing a lipid core/center
what is a liposome
double membrane droplet containing proteins along the center and an aqueous cor
diffusion rate is dependent on
surface area of the membrane, concentration gradient, and permeability of the membrane
where is most of the water in the body located
intracellular fluid
