Ch 9 Flashcards
Emergent properties of neural networks
thinking, language, feeling, learning, and memory
Jellyfish nerve nets functionality
-sensory, interneuron, and motor, which innervate muscles and glands
-action potentials, chemical and electrical signals, organization
Flatworm nervous system properties
-rudimentary brain (CNS vs PNS)
-cephalic region
-nerve cords
Earthworm nervous system properties
-paired ganglia
-more advanced CNS
-segmentation
fish nervous system properties
-forebrain/cerebrum
-used to process olfactory signals
goose nervous system properties
-cerebellum (movement and balance)
-cerebrum (big and smooth)
what is the grooves theory
that more grooves and folds of the brain means more intelligence
human nervous system general properties
-forebrain for reasoning and cognition
-cerebellum for movement and balance
are human forebrains large or small
huge
a 4-week human embryo has ______ specialized brain regions
3;
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
at 6 weeks, the neural tube of humans has differentiated into ______ brain regions
7;
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
pons
midbrain
diencephalon
cerebrum
spinal cord
at 6 weeks, the central cavity of the neural tube
becomes the ventricles
by 11 weeks of embryonic development, the growth of the cerebrum
is more rapid than other areas of the brain
gray matter composition
-unmyelinated nerve cell bodies
-dendrites
-axon terminals
white matter composition
-myelinated axons
-contains very few cells bodies
protection for the CNS includes
-bone; skull, vertebral column
-connective tissue
-fluid
what are the three meninges from superficial to deep
-dura mater
-arachnoid membrane
-pia mater
the dura mater is adjacent to
the arachnoid and the skull
the spinal cord runs through the _______
vertebral column
function of the meninges
help to stabilize neural tissue and protect it from bruising against bones
which is the thinnest meninges
pia mater
where is the subdural space
between the arachnoid membrane and dura mater
where is the subarachnoid space
between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane
CSF flows from ______ into ______
choroid plexus; subarachnoid space
what is the function of the choroid plexus
chemical and physical protection (similar to kidney)
_______ circulates around brain and down spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid - absorbs back into blood via villi
purposes of CSF
-physical protection
-chemical protection
-padding protection
-regulates extracellular
the blood brain barrier acts as
a final layer of protection
-barrier between interstitial fluid and blood
-400 miles of brain capillaries
-highly selective permeability
-shelters the brain through tight junction
In parkinson’s dopamine must be converted to
L-dopa
brain receives ___% of blood pumped by heart
15%, Oxygen moves freely across the BBB
brain needs these two substances
oxygen and glucose
the brain is responsible for about half of the body’s _________ consumption
glucose
a spinal reflex initiates a response without
input from the brain
lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
