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Human Physiology > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

three major body cavities

A

-thoracic
-abdomino-pelvic
-cranial

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2
Q

each major body cavity is lined by _____

A

tissue membrane

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3
Q

what is a lumen

A

not the internal environment

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4
Q

what are the hollow organs

A

-heart
-lungs
-blood vessels
-intestines

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5
Q

components of ECF

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

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6
Q

functions of the cell membrane

A

-physical barrier
-gateway for exchange
-communications
-cell structure

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7
Q

micelles

A

droplets of phospholipids

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8
Q

Liposomes

A

phospholipid structure with an aqueous center

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9
Q

whats included in cytoplasm

A

-cytosol
-inclusions
-organelles

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10
Q

what are examples of inclusions

A

-ribosomes
-vaults
-proteasomes

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11
Q

inclusions have no ______

A

membranes

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12
Q

types of cytoplasmic protein fibers

A

-actin
-intermediate
-microtubules

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13
Q

types of intermediate filaments

A

-myosin - contractile tissue
-keratin - hair and skin
-neuro-filaments - nerve cells

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14
Q

types of micortubules

A

-tubulin
-centroiles, cilia, flagella

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15
Q

motor proteins move on ______

A

cytoskeletal fibers

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16
Q

function of smooth ER

A

-synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, lipids
-modified forms in liver, kidney, muscles

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17
Q

function of rough ER

A

protein assembly and modification

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18
Q

structure and function of golgi

A

-membranes surrounded by vesicles
-protein modification
-proteins packaging into secretory vesicles

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19
Q

secretory vesicles destination

A

release from cell

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20
Q

lysosomes contain _____

A

digestive enzymes

21
Q

function of peroxisomes

A

-detoxification
-fatty acid degradation
-use of hydrogen peroxide?

22
Q

components of nucleus

A

-nuclear envelope
-nuclear pore complex
-chromatin
-nucleoli

23
Q

what is the function of nucleoli

A

controlling RNA synthesis

24
Q

types of cell to cell adhesions

A

-gap junction
-tight junction
-anchoring junction

25
Q

which cell-cell junction uses connexins

A

gap junctions

26
Q

which cell-cell junction uses claudin and occludin proteins

A

tight juctions

27
Q

which cell-cell junction uses cadherin

A

desmosome, an anchoring junction

28
Q

primary tissue types

A

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nerve

29
Q

_____ is an acellular matrix layer that is secreted by the epithelial cells

A

basal lamina

30
Q

exchange epithelia

A

-flattened
-pores b/w cells permit easy passage of molecules
-lungs, lining of blood vessels

31
Q

transporting epithelia

A
  • columnar or cuboidal
    -tight junctions prevent movement b/w cells
    -surface area increased by folding of cell membrane into villi
    -intestine, kidney, some exocrine glands
32
Q

ciliated epithelia

A

-cuboidal to columnar
-one side covered with cilia to move fluid across surface
-nose, trachea, and upper air-ways; female reproductive tract

33
Q

protective epithelia

A

-many layered
-flattened to polygonal
-cells tightly connected by many desmosomes
-skin and lining of cavities that open to environment

34
Q

secretory epithelia

A

-one to many layered
-columnar to polygonal
-protein-secreting cells filled with membrane-bound secretory granules and extensive RER
-steroid-secreting cells contain lipid droplets and extensive SER
-exocrine glands, including pancreas, sweat-glands, salivary glands; endrocrine glands

35
Q

types of connective tissue

A

-loose
-dense (regular and irregular)
-adipose
-blood
-cartilage
-bone

36
Q

loose connective tissue

A

-collagen, elastic, reticular
-fibroblasts
-skin, around blood vessels and organs, under epithelia

37
Q

dense connective tissue

A

-tendons and ligaments (regular)
-muscle and nerve sheaths (irreg)
-collagen fibers (parallel for reg)
-fibroblasts

38
Q

adipose connective tissue

A

-white (single lipid droplet)
-brown (multiple droplets)

39
Q

blood connective tissue

A

-plasma matrix
-free blood cells

40
Q

cartilage connective tissue

A

-light and flexible
-trachea, ears, spine
-collagen
-chondroblasts

41
Q

bone connective tissue

A

-calcified and rigid
-collagen
-osteoblasts and osteoclasts

42
Q

muscle tissue types

A

-cardiac
-smooth
-skeletal

43
Q

cardiac muscle

A

-striated
-intercalated disks
-nucleated

44
Q

smooth muscle

A

-nucleated
-no striations

45
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-nucleated
-striations

46
Q

nervous tissue

A

-neurons
-glial cells

47
Q

apoptosis

A

-programmed cell death
-normal cell replacement

48
Q

stem cells

A

-retain ability to divide
-multipotent
-research uses and potential

49
Q

what is an organ

A

a group of tissues with related function

Human Physiology (11 decks)

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