Ch 3 Flashcards
three major body cavities
-thoracic
-abdomino-pelvic
-cranial
each major body cavity is lined by _____
tissue membrane
what is a lumen
not the internal environment
what are the hollow organs
-heart
-lungs
-blood vessels
-intestines
components of ECF
plasma and interstitial fluid
functions of the cell membrane
-physical barrier
-gateway for exchange
-communications
-cell structure
micelles
droplets of phospholipids
Liposomes
phospholipid structure with an aqueous center
whats included in cytoplasm
-cytosol
-inclusions
-organelles
what are examples of inclusions
-ribosomes
-vaults
-proteasomes
inclusions have no ______
membranes
types of cytoplasmic protein fibers
-actin
-intermediate
-microtubules
types of intermediate filaments
-myosin - contractile tissue
-keratin - hair and skin
-neuro-filaments - nerve cells
types of micortubules
-tubulin
-centroiles, cilia, flagella
motor proteins move on ______
cytoskeletal fibers
function of smooth ER
-synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, lipids
-modified forms in liver, kidney, muscles
function of rough ER
protein assembly and modification
structure and function of golgi
-membranes surrounded by vesicles
-protein modification
-proteins packaging into secretory vesicles
secretory vesicles destination
release from cell
lysosomes contain _____
digestive enzymes
function of peroxisomes
-detoxification
-fatty acid degradation
-use of hydrogen peroxide?
components of nucleus
-nuclear envelope
-nuclear pore complex
-chromatin
-nucleoli
what is the function of nucleoli
controlling RNA synthesis
types of cell to cell adhesions
-gap junction
-tight junction
-anchoring junction
which cell-cell junction uses connexins
gap junctions
which cell-cell junction uses claudin and occludin proteins
tight juctions
which cell-cell junction uses cadherin
desmosome, an anchoring junction
primary tissue types
-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nerve
_____ is an acellular matrix layer that is secreted by the epithelial cells
basal lamina
exchange epithelia
-flattened
-pores b/w cells permit easy passage of molecules
-lungs, lining of blood vessels
transporting epithelia
- columnar or cuboidal
-tight junctions prevent movement b/w cells
-surface area increased by folding of cell membrane into villi
-intestine, kidney, some exocrine glands
ciliated epithelia
-cuboidal to columnar
-one side covered with cilia to move fluid across surface
-nose, trachea, and upper air-ways; female reproductive tract
protective epithelia
-many layered
-flattened to polygonal
-cells tightly connected by many desmosomes
-skin and lining of cavities that open to environment
secretory epithelia
-one to many layered
-columnar to polygonal
-protein-secreting cells filled with membrane-bound secretory granules and extensive RER
-steroid-secreting cells contain lipid droplets and extensive SER
-exocrine glands, including pancreas, sweat-glands, salivary glands; endrocrine glands
types of connective tissue
-loose
-dense (regular and irregular)
-adipose
-blood
-cartilage
-bone
loose connective tissue
-collagen, elastic, reticular
-fibroblasts
-skin, around blood vessels and organs, under epithelia
dense connective tissue
-tendons and ligaments (regular)
-muscle and nerve sheaths (irreg)
-collagen fibers (parallel for reg)
-fibroblasts
adipose connective tissue
-white (single lipid droplet)
-brown (multiple droplets)
blood connective tissue
-plasma matrix
-free blood cells
cartilage connective tissue
-light and flexible
-trachea, ears, spine
-collagen
-chondroblasts
bone connective tissue
-calcified and rigid
-collagen
-osteoblasts and osteoclasts
muscle tissue types
-cardiac
-smooth
-skeletal
cardiac muscle
-striated
-intercalated disks
-nucleated
smooth muscle
-nucleated
-no striations
skeletal muscle
-nucleated
-striations
nervous tissue
-neurons
-glial cells
apoptosis
-programmed cell death
-normal cell replacement
stem cells
-retain ability to divide
-multipotent
-research uses and potential
what is an organ
a group of tissues with related function
