Ch 15

Question 1

blood flow again

Answer 1

aorta
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
vena cavae
right atrium
tricuspid
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta

Question 2

arties, arterioles properties

Answer 2

stiff and spongy
thick smooth muscle and elastic
large amt of fiber
smaller arterioles have less elastic and more muscle

Question 3

venules, veins properties

Answer 3

more numerous than arteries
larger diameter
hold larger volume
close to skin surface

Question 4

vascular tone refers to

Answer 4

diameter of vessels

Question 5

capillaries properties

Answer 5

smallest vessel
site of exchange
lack smooth musce and elastic tissue reinforcement, which faciliatates exchange through a layer of endothelium

Question 6

metarterioles can act as

Answer 6

bypass channels
partially surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 7

angiogenesis

Answer 7

new blood vessel development
necessary for normal development
wound healing and uterine lining growth

Question 8

angiogenesis is controlled by

Answer 8

cytokines
stimulate (VEGF and FGF)
inhibit (angiostatin and endostatin)

Question 9

elastic recoil in arteries pt 1

Answer 9

ventricle contracts
semilunar valve opens
aorta and arteries expand and store pressure in elastic walls

Question 10

elastic recoil in arteries pt 2

Answer 10

isovolumic ventricular relaxation
semilunar valve shuts, preventing flow back into ventricle
elastic recoil of arteries sends blood forward into rest of circulatory system

Question 11

blood pressure is highest in the _____ and ______ as it flows through the circulatory system

Answer 11

arteries;
decrease continuously

Question 12

MAP =

Answer 12

diastolic + 1/3(pulse pressure)

Question 13

korotkoff sounds

Answer 13

systolic and diastolic sounds through pressure guage

Question 14

mean arterial pressure is a function of

Answer 14

cardiac output x resistance

Question 15

blood pressure includes rapid responses from _______ and slower responses from ______

Answer 15

cardiovascular system;
the kidneys

Question 16

resistance of the system to blood is determined by ______, while relative distribution of blood between arterial and venous blood vessels is determine by ______

Answer 16

diameter of arterioles;
diameter of the veins

Question 17

arteriolar resistance is influenced by

Answer 17

local control - based on metabolic needs
sympathetic reflexes - mediated by CNS
hormones - control salt/water balance through kidneys

Question 18

slide 26?

Answer 18

perhaps

Question 19

sympathetic control uses

Answer 19

SNS: NE
medulla: Epi

Question 20

hyperemia is a

Answer 20

locally mediated increase in blood flow

Question 21

reactive hyperemia

Answer 21

tissue blood flow is down due to occlusion

Question 22

arteriole diameter is controlled by

Answer 22

tonic release of NE
more release - constriction
less release - dilation

Question 23

blood traveling takes the path

Answer 23

of least resistance

Question 24

tissue that demands more will need

Answer 24

more capillaries

Question 25

when precapillary sphincters are relaxed

Answer 25

blood flows through all capillaries in the bed

Question 26

if precapillary sphincters constrict

Answer 26

blood flow bypasses capillaries completely and flows through metarterioles

Question 27

bone marrow, liver, and spleen do not have

Answer 27

typical capillaries but instead sinusoids

Question 28

continuous capillaries

Answer 28

most common
continuous
pass smaller molecules
found in muscle, CT
BBB

Question 29

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 29

associated with pores
pass larger molecules & volumes
found in kidney and intestine

Question 30

velocity of flow depends on

Answer 30

XSA of vessels

Question 31

absorption

Answer 31

fluid movement into capillaries
net absorption at venous end

Question 32

filtration

Answer 32

fluid movement out of capillaries
caused by hydrostatic pressure
net filtration at arterial end

Question 33

bulk flow is regulated by

Answer 33

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure

Question 34

lymphatic system functions

Answer 34

-returning fluid and proteins to circulatory system
-picking up fat absorbed and transferring it to circulatory system
-serving as filter for pathogens

Question 35

edema is caused by

Answer 35

inadequate drainage of lymph
filtration far greater than absorption

Question 36

disruption of balance between filtration and absorption

Answer 36

-increase in hydrostatic pressure
-decrease in plasma protein conc
-increase in interstitial proteins

Question 37

components of the baroreceptor reflex

Answer 37

carotid - brain
aortic - sys circulation

Question 38

baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure

Answer 38

decrease symp output
increase parasymp output

Question 39

baroreceptor response to orthostatic hypertension

Answer 39

increase symp output
decrease parasymp output

Question 40

cardiovascular disease uncontrollable risk factors

Answer 40

sex
age
family history

Question 41

CVD controllable risk factors

Answer 41

smoking
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
untreated hypertension

Question 42

uncontrollable genetic but modifiable lifestyle

Answer 42

blood lipids
diabetes mellitus

Question 43

LDL build-up leads to

Answer 43

development of athersclerotic plaques

Question 44

treatment for hypertension

Answer 44

calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta blocking drugs, ACE inhibitors