Endocrine Signaling, Molecules, And Receptors

Question 1

Paracrine signaling?

Answer 1

Secreted by cells and impacts only neighboring cells

Question 2

Endocrine signaling?

Answer 2

Secreted by glands into capillary and has target organ far away

Question 3

Neuroendocrine signaling?

Answer 3

Secreted by nerves into capillary and has target organ reached by blood

Question 4

What is a steroid?

Answer 4

Made from a cholesterol. Is lipid soluble and binds to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors.

Question 5

What are fat soluble hormones?

Answer 5

All steroid and thyroid hormones such as T4 and T3. They bind to either a cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor and lead to transcription and long term effects.

Question 6

How do, steroids, for example, travel, and what is their impact?

Answer 6

Through blood bound to binding proteins. Have different impact in childhood vs adulthood and different impact on different tissues.

Question 7

What is a peptide?

Answer 7

Contains amino acids or amino acid derivatives and bind to cell surface receptors and work through G reactive type proteins.

Question 8

What is not a peptide bc it acts like a steroid?

Answer 8

Thyroxine. T4.

Question 9

How do peptide hormones work?

Answer 9

Have cell surface receptors and work by intercellular signaling.

Question 10

The majority of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones are what kind of hormone?

Answer 10

Peptide hormone.

Question 11

Name basophils.

Answer 11

Corticotropes.
Thyrotropes.
Gonadotropes.

Question 12

Name acidophils.

Answer 12

Lactotropes.
Somatotropes.

Question 13

Corticotropes?

Answer 13

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 14

Thyrotropes?

Answer 14

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

Gonadotropes?

Answer 15

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinzing hormone (LH)

Question 16

Lactotropes?

Answer 16

Prolactin

Question 17

Somatotropes?

Answer 17

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 18

What does ADH do and why is it different from oxytocin?

Answer 18

Constricts blood vessels and differs in structure by only 2 amino acids

Question 19

Name hormones from posterior pituitary?

Answer 19

Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin

Question 20

Hormone of anterior pituitary?

Answer 20

Prolactin

Question 21

What causes conversion of testosterone to estradiol?

Answer 21

Aromatase.

Question 22

What highly binds to plasma proteins?

Answer 22

Steroid and thyroid hormones.

Question 23

What hormones are water soluble and not highly bound by plasma proteins?

Answer 23

Peptide

Question 24

What hormone is virtually unbound by plasma proteins?

Answer 24

ADH, a neurohypophysial peptide hormone

Question 25

Thyroid hormones and peptide hormones have appreciable stores in their endocrine producing glands, what kind of hormone is not stored in appreciable extend in endocrine producing glands?

Answer 25

Steroids.