Endocrine Signaling, Molecules, And Receptors Flashcards
Paracrine signaling?
Secreted by cells and impacts only neighboring cells
Endocrine signaling?
Secreted by glands into capillary and has target organ far away
Neuroendocrine signaling?
Secreted by nerves into capillary and has target organ reached by blood
What is a steroid?
Made from a cholesterol. Is lipid soluble and binds to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors.
What are fat soluble hormones?
All steroid and thyroid hormones such as T4 and T3. They bind to either a cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor and lead to transcription and long term effects.
How do, steroids, for example, travel, and what is their impact?
Through blood bound to binding proteins. Have different impact in childhood vs adulthood and different impact on different tissues.
What is a peptide?
Contains amino acids or amino acid derivatives and bind to cell surface receptors and work through G reactive type proteins.
What is not a peptide bc it acts like a steroid?
Thyroxine. T4.
How do peptide hormones work?
Have cell surface receptors and work by intercellular signaling.
The majority of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones are what kind of hormone?
Peptide hormone.
Name basophils.
Corticotropes.
Thyrotropes.
Gonadotropes.
Name acidophils.
Lactotropes.
Somatotropes.
Corticotropes?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyrotropes?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Gonadotropes?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinzing hormone (LH)
Lactotropes?
Prolactin
Somatotropes?
Growth hormone (GH)
What does ADH do and why is it different from oxytocin?
Constricts blood vessels and differs in structure by only 2 amino acids
Name hormones from posterior pituitary?
Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin
Hormone of anterior pituitary?
Prolactin
What causes conversion of testosterone to estradiol?
Aromatase.
What highly binds to plasma proteins?
Steroid and thyroid hormones.
What hormones are water soluble and not highly bound by plasma proteins?
Peptide
What hormone is virtually unbound by plasma proteins?
ADH, a neurohypophysial peptide hormone
Thyroid hormones and peptide hormones have appreciable stores in their endocrine producing glands, what kind of hormone is not stored in appreciable extend in endocrine producing glands?
Steroids.
