Endocrine, Respiratory, ED, Ostioporosis and Obesity

Question 0

What is the MOA of Methimazole?

Answer 0

inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups and coupling of these groups to form thyroid hormone

Question 1

What are important drugs to treat hyperthyroidism?

Answer 1

Methimazole ;
Propylthiouracil ;
Iodine ;
propranolol

Question 2

What is the MOA of propylthiouracil?

Answer 2

inhibist iodination of tyrosine groups and coupling of these groups to form thyroid hormone. also
inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

Question 4

What are the complications of using Glucocorticoids?

Answer 4

• abrupt withdrawal of these drugs can cause acute adrenal insufficiency syndrome that can be lethal, so it must be tapered off
• serious complication of longterm use is osteoporosis bc it inhibits bone formation and suppresses calcium absorption

Glucocorticoids are a steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex which are involved in metabolic and immunological activity. The promote catabolism of proteins and gluconeogenesis and inhibit inflammatory and immunologic responses.

Patients taking glucocorticoids have increased susceptibility to infections b/c:
Glucocorticoids inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin and leukotriens.
They lower and inhibit peripheral lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 5

Which inhibitors of adrenal hormone synthesis drug is used as an antihypertensive drug. It competes for the aldosterone receptor thus inhibiting sodium re-absorption in the KD. Also antagonizes aldosterone and testosterone synthesis.

Answer 5

spiranolactone

Question 6

Which inhibitor of adrenal hormone synthesis is an antifungal agent that strongly inhibits all gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis?

Answer 6

Ketoconazole

Question 7

Which inhibitor of adrenal hormone synthesis treats hirsutism in women?

Answer 7

spiranolactone

Question 8

Which SERM has agonist activity in bone and antagonist activity in breast and endometrial tissue, and is used to treat osteoporosis?

Answer 8

Raloxifene

Question 9

Which SERM acts as a partial estrogen receptor agonist in the hypothalamus interfering w the negative feedback of estrogens.
and is used to treat infertility in women

Answer 9

clomiphene

Question 10

Which Progestin is used as an oral contraceptive?

Answer 10

Medroxyprogesterone

Question 11

Which Antiprogestin terminates pregnancy by breaking down the uterine lining?

Answer 11

Mifepristone

Question 12

What are the U/E of oral contraceptives?

Answer 12

breast fullness, nausea, vomiting, depression and edema

Question 13

Which oral contraceptives users are at risk of abnormal clotting?

Answer 13

smokers over 35 (women)

Question 14

What are the two groups of antiandrogens?

Answer 14

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors; inhibits the enzyme which converts testosterone to DHT resulting in a decrease of DHT in the prostate.
-and-
androgen receptor antagonists - competitive inhibitor of androgens in target cells

Question 15

What 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and also male pattern baldness?

Answer 15

Finasteride

Question 16

What Androgen receptor antagonist treats prostate carcinoma?

Answer 16

flutamide

Question 17

What is the MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in lowering blood glucose?

Answer 17

they slow carbohydrate digestion by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase of intestinal brush border and pancreatic amylase resulting in lower serum glucose levels after meals.

Question 18

Name an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to lower blood glucose levels.

Answer 18

acarbose

Question 19

What is another name for the oral hypoglycemic drug category Thiazolidinediones?

Answer 19

Glitazones

Question 20

What is the MOA of Glitazones in lowering blood glucose levels?

Answer 20

enhances response of target cells to endogenous insulin aka an insulin sensitizer

Question 21

What oral hypoglycymic drug can also be used to cause ovulation in women w PCOS?

Answer 21

glitazones

Question 22

Name a glitazone?

Answer 22

rosiglitazone

Question 23

Which hypoglycemic drug is the only one proven to decrease cardiovascular mortality?

Answer 23

Metformin

Question 24

What is the drug of choice for Type-2 diabetes?

Answer 24

Metformin

Question 25

Which group of drugs are the most effective drugs available for the Tx of acute asthma (acute bronchospasm and prevention of exercise induced asthma)?

Answer 25

beta2-adrenergic agonists

Question 26

Name three beta2-adrenergic agonists?

Answer 26

albuterol - first choice - terbutaline - salmeterol -long acting

Question 27

When are inhaled corticosteroids the drug of choice for asthma patients?

Answer 27

when the patient require beta 2 agonists more than 2 times per week inhaled is preferred for long-term control of asthma and are the 1st line agents for patient with persistent asthma

Question 28

Which asthma drug increases the risk of oral candidiasis infection?

Answer 28

Beclomethason - inhaled glucocorticoid

Question 29

Which Inflammatory cell stabilizers treats respiratory issues by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators (eg histamine) from mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils. It is used for prophylaxis of asthma attacks.

Answer 29

cromolyn

Question 30

Whcih Leukotriene modifier treats respiratory issues by blocking the action of Leukotrien (which increases eosinophil migration, mucus production and airway wall edema causing bronchoconstriciton)

Answer 30

Montelukast

Question 31

Which respiratory drug is administered endotracheally in infant respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 31

surfactant

Question 32

Which respiratory drug is administered by inhalation to patients w cystic fibrosis to decrease the viscosity of bronchial secretions?

Answer 32

dornase alfa

Question 33

What drug potentiates the hypotensive action of nitrates and there for their use together could result in a fatal drop in BP?

Answer 33

Sildenafil

Question 34

What drug is a Phosphodiasterase-5 Inhibitor?

Answer 34

Sildenafil - PDE-5 reverses the process of NO binding to receptors on the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum, causing relaxation of the smooth muscle, allowing engorgement. Sildenafil inhibits PDE-5, so the NO can continue to bind and the CC can continue to relax.

Question 35

``` What class of drugs inhibit osteoclastic activity and decrease bone turnover and re-absorption, and are also used in Paget's disease. These agents have been shown to improve bone mass in established osteoporosis ```

Answer 35

biphophonates

Question 36

Name a biphophonate

Answer 36

Alendronate - must be taken w a full glass of water, first thing in am and should stay upright for one hour before eating breakfast

Question 37

Name the five classes of drugs used to treat osteoporosis?

Answer 37

biphophonates ; SERMs ; Estrogens ; Calcitonin ; VitD/Calcium supplements

Question 38

What is the SERM that is an antagonist in both the breast and uterus.

Answer 38

Raloxifene

Question 39

What are the two classifications of anti-obesity drugs?

Answer 39

Anorexiants and Lipase Inhibitors

Question 40

What drug is a reversible pancreatic lipase inhibitor approved for the management of patients with body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2?

Answer 40

Orlisat