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Final Pharamcology > Endocrine, Respiratory, ED, Ostioporosis and Obesity > Flashcards

Endocrine, Respiratory, ED, Ostioporosis and Obesity Flashcards

0
Q

What is the MOA of Methimazole?

A

inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups and coupling of these groups to form thyroid hormone

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1
Q

What are important drugs to treat hyperthyroidism?

A

Methimazole ;
Propylthiouracil ;
Iodine ;
propranolol

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2
Q

What is the MOA of propylthiouracil?

A

inhibist iodination of tyrosine groups and coupling of these groups to form thyroid hormone. also
inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

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4
Q

What are the complications of using Glucocorticoids?

A
  • abrupt withdrawal of these drugs can cause acute adrenal insufficiency syndrome that can be lethal, so it must be tapered off
  • serious complication of longterm use is osteoporosis bc it inhibits bone formation and suppresses calcium absorption

Glucocorticoids are a steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex which are involved in metabolic and immunological activity. The promote catabolism of proteins and gluconeogenesis and inhibit inflammatory and immunologic responses.

Patients taking glucocorticoids have increased susceptibility to infections b/c:
Glucocorticoids inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin and leukotriens.
They lower and inhibit peripheral lymphocytes and macrophages.

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5
Q

Which inhibitors of adrenal hormone synthesis drug is used as an antihypertensive drug. It competes for the aldosterone receptor thus inhibiting sodium re-absorption in the KD. Also antagonizes aldosterone and testosterone synthesis.

A

spiranolactone

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6
Q

Which inhibitor of adrenal hormone synthesis is an antifungal agent that strongly inhibits all gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis?

A

Ketoconazole

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7
Q

Which inhibitor of adrenal hormone synthesis treats hirsutism in women?

A

spiranolactone

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8
Q

Which SERM has agonist activity in bone and antagonist activity in breast and endometrial tissue, and is used to treat osteoporosis?

A

Raloxifene

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9
Q

Which SERM acts as a partial estrogen receptor agonist in the hypothalamus interfering w the negative feedback of estrogens.
and is used to treat infertility in women

A

clomiphene

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10
Q

Which Progestin is used as an oral contraceptive?

A

Medroxyprogesterone

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11
Q

Which Antiprogestin terminates pregnancy by breaking down the uterine lining?

A

Mifepristone

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12
Q

What are the U/E of oral contraceptives?

A

breast fullness, nausea, vomiting, depression and edema

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13
Q

Which oral contraceptives users are at risk of abnormal clotting?

A

smokers over 35 (women)

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14
Q

What are the two groups of antiandrogens?

A

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors; inhibits the enzyme which converts testosterone to DHT resulting in a decrease of DHT in the prostate.
-and-
androgen receptor antagonists - competitive inhibitor of androgens in target cells

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15
Q

What 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and also male pattern baldness?

A

Finasteride

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16
Q

What Androgen receptor antagonist treats prostate carcinoma?

A

flutamide

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17
Q

What is the MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in lowering blood glucose?

A

they slow carbohydrate digestion by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase of intestinal brush border and pancreatic amylase resulting in lower serum glucose levels after meals.

18
Q

Name an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to lower blood glucose levels.

A

acarbose

19
Q

What is another name for the oral hypoglycemic drug category Thiazolidinediones?

A

Glitazones

20
Q

What is the MOA of Glitazones in lowering blood glucose levels?

A

enhances response of target cells to endogenous insulin aka an insulin sensitizer

21
Q

What oral hypoglycymic drug can also be used to cause ovulation in women w PCOS?

A

glitazones

22
Q

Name a glitazone?

A

rosiglitazone

23
Q

Which hypoglycemic drug is the only one proven to decrease cardiovascular mortality?

A

Metformin

24
Q

What is the drug of choice for Type-2 diabetes?

A

Metformin

25
Q

Which group of drugs are the most effective drugs available for the Tx of acute asthma (acute bronchospasm and prevention of exercise induced asthma)?

A

beta2-adrenergic agonists

26
Q

Name three beta2-adrenergic agonists?

A

albuterol - first choice -
terbutaline -
salmeterol -long acting

27
Q

When are inhaled corticosteroids the drug of choice for asthma patients?

A

when the patient require beta 2 agonists more than 2 times per week

inhaled is preferred for long-term control of asthma and are the 1st line agents for patient with persistent asthma

28
Q

Which asthma drug increases the risk of oral candidiasis infection?

A

Beclomethason - inhaled glucocorticoid

29
Q

Which Inflammatory cell stabilizers treats respiratory issues by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators (eg histamine) from mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils. It is used for prophylaxis of asthma attacks.

A

cromolyn

30
Q

Whcih Leukotriene modifier treats respiratory issues by blocking the action of Leukotrien (which increases eosinophil migration, mucus production and airway wall edema causing bronchoconstriciton)

A

Montelukast

31
Q

Which respiratory drug is administered endotracheally in infant respiratory distress syndrome?

A

surfactant

32
Q

Which respiratory drug is administered by inhalation to patients w cystic fibrosis to decrease the viscosity of bronchial secretions?

A

dornase alfa

33
Q

What drug potentiates the hypotensive action of nitrates and there for their use together could result in a fatal drop in BP?

A

Sildenafil

34
Q

What drug is a Phosphodiasterase-5 Inhibitor?

A

Sildenafil -

PDE-5 reverses the process of NO binding to receptors on the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum, causing relaxation of the smooth muscle, allowing engorgement. Sildenafil inhibits PDE-5, so the NO can continue to bind and the CC can continue to relax.

35
Q 
What class of drugs inhibit osteoclastic activity and decrease bone turnover and re-absorption, and are also used in Paget's disease.
These agents have been shown to improve bone mass in established osteoporosis
A

biphophonates

36
Q

Name a biphophonate

A

Alendronate -

must be taken w a full glass of water, first thing in am and should stay upright for one hour before eating breakfast

37
Q

Name the five classes of drugs used to treat osteoporosis?

A

biphophonates ; SERMs ; Estrogens ; Calcitonin ; VitD/Calcium supplements

38
Q

What is the SERM that is an antagonist in both the breast and uterus.

A

Raloxifene

39
Q

What are the two classifications of anti-obesity drugs?

A

Anorexiants and Lipase Inhibitors

40
Q

What drug is a reversible pancreatic lipase inhibitor approved for the management of patients with body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2?

A

Orlisat

Final Pharamcology (8 decks)

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