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Final Pharamcology > drugs_antimicrobial > Flashcards

drugs_antimicrobial Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactam antibiotics

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2
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Beta-Lactam antibiotics

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3
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
Beta-Lactamase inhibitor
open the ring

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4
Q

Benzathine Penicillin G

A

Antimicrobial_Natural Penicillin

Best choice for syphilis patients

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5
Q

Nafcillin

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillinase resistant penicillin

Reserved for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillinase resistant penicillin

Reserved for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Antimicrobial_Extended spectrum penicillin (Penicillinase sensitive)
Drug of choice for Listeria monocytogens

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8
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

A

Antimicrobial_Penicillin combo

Clavulanic acid inhibits penicillinases

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9
Q

Piperacillin

A

Antimicrobial_Antipseudomonal penicillins

Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosaMost potent of this group

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10
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Antimicrobial_Antipseudomonal penicillins

Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

u/e Penicillins

A

hypersensitivity reaction; can be fatal

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st generation Cephalosporins

Narrow spectrum, sensitive to beta-lactamase

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13
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd generation Cephalosporins

broader gram negative activity

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14
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

3rd generation Cephalosporinbroad spectrum, resistant to most cephalosporinases
First line of drug tx Gonorrhea and meningitis in children because of its effectiveness against Hemophyllus influenza

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15
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd generation Cephalosporin

braod spectrum, resistant to most cephalosporinases

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16
Q

Cefapime

A

4th generation Cephalosporin

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17
Q

Vancomycin

A

drug of choice for tx MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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18
Q

Daptomycin

A

skin infections, bacteremia cause by Staph. aureus

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19
Q

Bacitracin

A

Combo w polymyxin or neomycin for topical use

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20
Q

Gentamycin

A

Antimicrobial_Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Aminoglycoside that gain entry into the bacteria

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21
Q

Kanamycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

Aminoglycosides gain entry into the bacteria

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22
Q

Neomycin

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Used orally in hepatic coma to decrease the coliform flora, thus decreasing the production of ammonia
Used topically for skin infections

23
Q

Tetracycline

A

Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis

tx. Rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycoplasma, borrelia infections (Lyme)

24
Q

u/e Tetracycline

A

Staining of the teeth, retardation of bone growth, photosensitivity
Not recommended for use in children or pregnant women and renal impairment
Do not take with food or antacid

25
Doxycycline
Antimicrobial_inhibitors of protein synthesis | Tetracycline; safe in renally impaired patient
26
Erythromycin
Antimicrobial_Macrolides Pneumonia cuase by legionella and mycoplasma Safe in pregnancy
27
Azithromycin
Antimicrobial_Macrolides Pneumonia caused by legionella and mycoplasma Safe in pregnancy
28
u/e Aminoglycosidesie. Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular toxicityvertigo, loss of balancesmall margin of safety
29
u/e Tetracyclinesie. tetracycline, doxycycline
staining of teeth, retardation of bone growth, photosensitivity *children or pregnant women, and renal impairment
30
u/e Macrolidesie. Erythromycin, Azithromycin
none listed | safe to use in pregnancy
31
u/e Chloramphenicol
fatal bone marrow depression and aplastic anemiagray baby syndrome in infants with abdominal distention, vomiting, cyanosis, hypothermia, decreased respiration and vasomotor collapse
32
Clindamycin
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesisdrug of choice for anaerobic GI infections
33
u/e Clindamycin
Pseudomembranous colitis because C. deficile is resistant to it
34
Linezolid
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis | MRSA, VRSA (gram-positive organisms), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.
35
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Antimicrobial_inhibitor of protein synthesis | tx of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
36
Silver sulfadiazine
Antimicrobial_folate antagonist | used topically on burn wounds
37
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole)
Antimicrobial_folate most commonly used drug in folate group tx. UTI, pneumocystitis carinii penumonia
38
Norfloxacin
Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones | common urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis, GI infections caused by gram negative organisms
39
Ciprofloxacin
Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones good oral drug for gonorrheasame as norfloxacin (urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms
40
Levofloxacin
Antimicrobial_fluroquinolones same as norfloxacin (urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatitis and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms
41
Metronidazole
Antimicrobial_other drug of choice- STD, amebiasis (Dysentery), Giardiasis (Dysentery), antibiotic associated enterocolitis (Pseudomembranous colitis) caused by Clostrudium deficille
42
Isoniazid
TB drug First-line drug- chemoprophylaxis *needs to be taken with B6 to prevent complications like peripheral neuritis, numbnessAssociated with hypatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy
43
Rifampin
TB and Leprosy drug First-line drug_potent inducer of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes but u/e. hepatitis, color secretions red-orange, anxiety
44
Ethambutol
TB drug | First-line drug but u/e. optic neuritis (vision problems)
45
Dapsone
tx of leprosy
46
Thalidomide
Most effective for tx. erythema nodosum leprosum (inflammatory reaction state associated with leprosy)
47
Amphotericin B
Anti fungal drug | serious yeast and fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients
48
u/e Amphotericin B
nephrotoxicity
49
Fluconazole
Antifungal ORAL drug | chronic candidiasis infections of the GI tract and oral cavity
50
Ketoconazole
Antifungal ORAL drug | chronic candidiasis infections of the GI tract and oral cavity
51
Nystatin
Antifungal ORAL drug | Cutaneous mycosesOral candidiasis
52
Polymyxin B
Antifungal TOPICAL drug | cutaneous mycoses
53
Miconazole
Antifungal TOPICAL drug | cutaneous mycoses
54
Terbinafine
Antifungal TOPICAL drug | cutaneous mycosesSuperficial fungal infections; given PO

Final Pharamcology (8 decks)

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