drug_endocrine Flashcards by yoon yi

Octreotide

GH (Somatotropin); somatostatin agonist

tx. gigantism, acromegaly

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Prolactin
Dopamine-receptor agonists
ie. Bromocriptine, Cabergoline

tx. hyperprolactinemia

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Oxytocin

milk ejection, induce or reinforce labor

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Vasopressin

management of Diabetes insidious, septic shock

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Terlipressin

Vasopressin analogue

tx. bleeding esophageal varices

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Levothyroxine (T4)

drug of choice for HYPOthyroidism

replaces normal serum levels of T4 and T3

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Methimazole (Tapazole)

tx. HYPERthyroidism

inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups

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Propylthiouracil (PTU)

tx. HYPERthyroidism

inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

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Iodine / Iodide

tx. HYPERthyroidism

useful for 2 weeks then the gland adopts and resumes thyroxine secretion

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Propranolol (Inderal)

tx. HYPERthyroidism
Beta-blocker; for emergent preparation of hyperthyroid patients for surgery, thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy and thyroid storm

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Hydrocortisone (solu-cortef)

Adrenocoricosteroid drug_glucocorticoid
tx. PREFERRED drug for replacement therapy_Addison’s, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis

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Prednisone

Adrenocoricosteroid drug_glucocorticoid

tx. replacement therapy for Addison’s, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis

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Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Adrenocoricosteroid drug_glucocorticoid

tx. replacement therapy for Addison’s, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis

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Beclomethasone (Beclovent)

Adrenocoricosteroid drug_glucocorticoid

tx. replacement therapy for Addison’s, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis

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Fludrocortisone (Florinef)

Adrenocoricosteroid drug_mineralocorticoids

tx. Addison’s disease, orthostatic hypotension
* potent mineralocorticoid activity

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Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Inhibitor of adrenal normal synthesis and ax

tx. antifungal agent; Cushing’s syndrome

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Spiranolactone (Aldactone)

Inhibitor of adrenal normal synthesis and ax

tx. antihypertensive drug, hyperaldosteronism, hirsutism in women

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Estrogens

tx. oral contraceptive; menopausal peeps, hot flashes, vaginal atrophy; replacement therapy for hypogonadism, osteoporosis

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u/e Estrogens

most common: nausea, breast tenderness
endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma
edema, weight gain
breast carcinoma
hyperpigmentation
thromboembolic events, MI

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Estrogens + Progestin

to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma

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Estradiol

Sex steroid_Estrogen

most common

Diethylstilbestrol (stilphostrol)

Sex steroid_estrogen

associated with cervical and vaginal carcinoma in daughters of women who took the drug during pregnancy

Tamoxifen

Sex steroid_SERMS [selective estrogen receptor modulators]

tx. estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women

u/e Tamoxifen

increased risk of uterine cancer

Raloxifene (Evista)

Sex steroid_SERMS [selective estrogen receptor modulators] | tx. and prevention for osteoporosis

Clomiphene (Clomid)

Sex steroid_SERMS [selective estrogen receptor modulators] | tx. infertility

Progestins

use. oral contraceptives, replacement therapy, uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and management of endometriosis

Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-provera)

Sex steroid_Progestines | tx. uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and management of endometriosis

u/e Progestins | ie. Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-provera)

weight gain, edema, depression, thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolism

Mifepristone

Sex steroid_antiprogestins | tx. termination of pregnancy

Contraceptive | Transdermal path

3 weeks on, 1 week off | less effective in woman weighting >90kg

Contraceptive | Progestin-only pill (mini pill)

taken daily on continuous schedule | less effective

Contraceptive | Injectable progestins

given IM or SC every 3 months

Contraceptive | Progestin implants

implanted subdermally | (1) 4cm capsule provides contraception for +/- 3 years

Contraceptive | Progestin intrauterine device

contraception for +/- 5 years

Contraceptive | Postcoital contraception

morning after pill reduces the chance of pregnancy to 0.2-0.3% high doses of progestin or estrogen

u/e oral contraceptives

breast fullness, nausea, vomiting, depression, edema | abnormal clotting in women who smokes and >35 year old

Testosterone propionate

Androgen_testosterone derivatives | tx. palliative tx of breast cancer

Fluxymesterone

Androgen_testosterone derivatives | tx. hypogonadism in males (childhood)

DHEA

Androgen_anabolic steroids tx. growth stimulation, bone marrow stimulation in aplastic anemia, stimulation of appetite, preservation and increase in muscle mass, induce male puberty anti-aging hormone, performance enhancer at normal therapeutic doses

Finasteride (propecia)

Antiandrogens_5-alpha-reductase inhibitor | tx. BPH; at lower dose, hair growth in male pattern baldness

Flutamide

Antiandrogens_androgen receptor antagonist | tx. prostate carcinoma in males

Crystalline zinc insulin (Humulin)

Insulin_rapid onset upto 16 hours tx. hyperglycemia, safe in pregnancy * subcutaneous or IV in emergencies

Isophane insulin (NPH)

Insulin_Intermediate onset upto 28 hours tx. all forms of diabetes except diabetic ketoacidosis or emergency hyperglycemia * ONLY subcutaneous

Glargine insulin

Insulin_prolonged duration >36 hours

Chlorpropamide (diabenase)

Oral Hypoglycemic drug_sulfonylurias | 1st generation

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

Oral Hypoglycemic drug_sulfonylurias | 2nd generation

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Oral hypoglycemic drug_thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)

Metformin (Glucophage)

Oral hypoglycemic drug_ONLY biguanides tx. drug of choice for newly dx type II diabetics, effective for polycystic ovary disease hypoglycemic drug proven to decrease cardiovascular mortality

Acarbose (Precose)

Oral hypoglycemic drug_alpha-glucosidase inhibitors