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drugs_cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

ACE inhibitor

Potent vasoconstrictor; infrequently causes agranulocytosis or neutropenia

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2
Q

ACE inhibitor u/e ie. Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

DRY, IRRITATING COUGH

h/a, dizziness, abdominal pain, confusion, renal failure, and impotencecan also be used for hypertention

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3
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
*doesn’t produce cough
+ tx of hypertension

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4
Q

Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

Direct vasodilator

+ tx of hypertension

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5
Q

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

Unwanted hair growth

+ topical tx of male pattern baldness

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6
Q

Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A

Thiazide Diuretic_thick ASCENDING LOOP/EARLY DISTAL TUBULE

stop reabsorption of sodium and chloride

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7
Q

u/e Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

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8
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Diuretic_loop diuretic
LOOP OF HENLE
tx. pulmonary edema

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9
Q

Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

A

Diuretic_loop diuretic
ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE
tx. pulmonary edema; Most ototoxic

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10
Q

u/e loop diureticsie. Furosemide (Lasix), Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity

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11
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Potassium sparing diuretics
DISTAL TUBULE
combination w other diuretics to help maintaining the potassium balance

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12
Q

u/e Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Hyperkalemia

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13
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Cardiac Glycosides Na-K-ATPase inhibitor

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14
Q

u/e Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

low therapeutic index, arrhythmias, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, fatigue, visual disturbance

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15
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

A

Sympathomimetics Beta-1 agonist

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Sympathomimetics

patients w imparied renal fx. [may preserve renal blood flow, as a result, renal fx.]

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17
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Antianginal drug_organic nitrates
all forms of angina; acute coronary spasmsublingually for rapid onset of action (2min)
transdermally for longer duration of action

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18
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_organic nitrates

A

h/a, hypotention

*with sildenafil (viagra), hypotention

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19
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_beta-blockers

A

do not discontinue abruptly to avoid rebound angina or hypotension
NO patients with asthma, diabetes, severe bradycardia, peripheral vascular disease or COPD

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20
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

Antianginal drugs_calcium channel blockers

fx. dilate arteries

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21
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A

Antianginal drug_calcium channel blocker

fx. dilate smooth muscle cells of the arteries

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22
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_Calcium channel blockersie. Diltiasem, Amlodipine

A

headache, dizziness, hypotention etc.

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23
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Antihypertensive drug_beta blocker

Beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

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24
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Antihypertensive drug_beta blocker

Beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

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25
u/e antihypertensive drugs_beta blockersie. atenolol, metoprolol
may not be effective in lowering BP in african american patients Nonselective at high doses and can inhibit beta 2 receptors.
26
antihypertensive ACE inhibitors
increase rennin levels | Useful in tx. diabetes with hypertension
27
antihypertensive_calcium channel blockers
good for african american hypertensives
28
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Antihypertensive_central acting adrenergic drug Reduce central sympathetic outflow with no direct effect on KDs Useful for patients with renal disease and hypertensive pregnant women
29
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Antihypertensive_direct vasodilator | Directly relax arteriolesalso marketed for topical tx of male pattern baldness
30
u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)
unwanted hair growth
31
Sodium nitroprusside
Antihypertensive_crisis & emergency | Given IV; prompt vasodilation reduce BP in all patients regardless of the cause of hypertension
32
u/e Sodium nitroprusside
poisonous if given orally because of its hydrolysis to cyanide ANTIDOTE: sodium thiosulfate
33
Procainamide (Pronestyl)
Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 1a Na channel blocker | Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia (ALL purpose antiarrhythmics)
34
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
``` Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 1b Na channel blocker ventricular arrhythmia (vent. tachycardia, vent. fibrillation, vent. ectopy) ```
35
Propranolol (Inderal)
Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 2 Beta-adrenoceptor blocker | Slow down SA and AV node conduction, increase the refractory period.most commonly used to treat arrhythmia patients.
36
Amiodarone
Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 3 K channel blocker | Prolong repolorizationeffective in tx and prevention of vent. fibrillation and vent. tachycardia
37
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 5 unclassified Control vent. rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter
38
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 5 Unclassified | Drug of choice for tx. paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
39
Aspirin
Antiplatelet drug | Inhibit thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets, thus prolongs bleeding time.reduces the risk of MI and stroke
40
Clopidegrol (Plavix)
Anti platelet drug Inhibit the binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets and inhibit the activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors required for platelets to bind to fibrinogen thus it blocks platelet aggregation
41
Abciximab (Reopro)
Anti platelet drug_Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonist | Blocking the binding of fibrinogen to the flycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor on the surface of the platelet
42
Heparin
Anticoagulant
43
Protamine
Heparin antidote
44
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Anticoagulant
45
u/e Anticoagulantsie. Haparin, Enoxaparin
Hemorrhage
46
Warferin (Coumadin)
Oral Anticoagulant | Interfere vit K dependent clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X) synthesis*should avoid cranberry juice
47
Warferin antidote
Vitamin K
48
Argatroban
Anticoagulant_Thrombin inhibitor
49
Streptokinase
Thrombolytic drug | *not much used
50
Tissue Plasminogen activator (t-PA)
Thrombolytic drug
51
Aminocaproic acid
Drugs used to treat bleeding | Inhibits plasminogen activation
52
Vitamin K
Drug used to treat bleeding | Can overcome the anticoagulant effects of oral agents
53
Erythropoietin
tx. anemia; end stage renal failure | Stimulates erythropoiesis
54
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
tx. anemia; megaloblastic anemia
55
Epoetin alpha, darbepoetin alpha
tx anemia; anemia cause by end-stage renal disease
56
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Antihyperlipidemic drug_HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor First choice for hypercholesterolemia Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG Increase HDL
57
Atrovastatin (Lipitor)
``` Antihyperlipidemic drug_HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor First choice for hypercholesterolemia Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG Increase HDL *most potent ```
58
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
``` Antihyperlipidemic drug_HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor First choice for hypercholesterolemia Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG Increase HDL *most potent ```
59
u/e simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin
LV fx abnormalities, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (disintegration of muscles) *NO grapefruit juice
60
Gemfibrozil (lopid)
Antihyperlipidemic drug_Fibrate | Inhibit VLDL synthesis, reduce TG level
61
Niacin (Nicobid)
Antihyperlipidemic drug Strongly inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue Decrease cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL Increase HDL
62
u/e Niacin (Nicobid)
flush and pruritus
63
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Antihyperlipidemic drug_Bile acid sequestrants Decrease cholesterol and LDL Increase TG, HDL
64
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Antihyperlipidemic drug_Cholesterol absorption inhibitor Decrease LDL, TG Increase HDL

Final Pharamcology (8 decks)

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