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Final Pharamcology > drugs_cardiovascular > Flashcards

drugs_cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

ACE inhibitor

Potent vasoconstrictor; infrequently causes agranulocytosis or neutropenia

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2
Q

ACE inhibitor u/e ie. Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

DRY, IRRITATING COUGH

h/a, dizziness, abdominal pain, confusion, renal failure, and impotencecan also be used for hypertention

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3
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
*doesn’t produce cough
+ tx of hypertension

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4
Q

Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

Direct vasodilator

+ tx of hypertension

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5
Q

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

Unwanted hair growth

+ topical tx of male pattern baldness

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6
Q

Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A

Thiazide Diuretic_thick ASCENDING LOOP/EARLY DISTAL TUBULE

stop reabsorption of sodium and chloride

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7
Q

u/e Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

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8
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Diuretic_loop diuretic
LOOP OF HENLE
tx. pulmonary edema

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9
Q

Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

A

Diuretic_loop diuretic
ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE
tx. pulmonary edema; Most ototoxic

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10
Q

u/e loop diureticsie. Furosemide (Lasix), Ethacrynic acid (Ethacrynate)

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity

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11
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Potassium sparing diuretics
DISTAL TUBULE
combination w other diuretics to help maintaining the potassium balance

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12
Q

u/e Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Hyperkalemia

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13
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Cardiac Glycosides Na-K-ATPase inhibitor

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14
Q

u/e Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

low therapeutic index, arrhythmias, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, fatigue, visual disturbance

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15
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

A

Sympathomimetics Beta-1 agonist

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Sympathomimetics

patients w imparied renal fx. [may preserve renal blood flow, as a result, renal fx.]

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17
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Antianginal drug_organic nitrates
all forms of angina; acute coronary spasmsublingually for rapid onset of action (2min)
transdermally for longer duration of action

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18
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_organic nitrates

A

h/a, hypotention

*with sildenafil (viagra), hypotention

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19
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_beta-blockers

A

do not discontinue abruptly to avoid rebound angina or hypotension
NO patients with asthma, diabetes, severe bradycardia, peripheral vascular disease or COPD

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20
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

Antianginal drugs_calcium channel blockers

fx. dilate arteries

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21
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A

Antianginal drug_calcium channel blocker

fx. dilate smooth muscle cells of the arteries

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22
Q

u/e Antianginal drugs_Calcium channel blockersie. Diltiasem, Amlodipine

A

headache, dizziness, hypotention etc.

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23
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Antihypertensive drug_beta blocker

Beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

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24
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Antihypertensive drug_beta blocker

Beta-1 antagonist that decrease HT rate and cardiac output

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25
Q

u/e antihypertensive drugs_beta blockersie. atenolol, metoprolol

A

may not be effective in lowering BP in african american patients
Nonselective at high doses and can inhibit beta 2 receptors.

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26
Q

antihypertensive ACE inhibitors

A

increase rennin levels

Useful in tx. diabetes with hypertension

27
Q

antihypertensive_calcium channel blockers

A

good for african american hypertensives

28
Q

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

A

Antihypertensive_central acting adrenergic drug
Reduce central sympathetic outflow with no direct effect on KDs
Useful for patients with renal disease and hypertensive pregnant women

29
Q

Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

Antihypertensive_direct vasodilator

Directly relax arteriolesalso marketed for topical tx of male pattern baldness

30
Q

u/e Minoxidil (Loniten)

A

unwanted hair growth

31
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

Antihypertensive_crisis & emergency

Given IV; prompt vasodilation reduce BP in all patients regardless of the cause of hypertension

32
Q

u/e Sodium nitroprusside

A

poisonous if given orally because of its hydrolysis to cyanide

ANTIDOTE: sodium thiosulfate

33
Q

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 1a Na channel blocker

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia (ALL purpose antiarrhythmics)

34
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A 
Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 1b Na channel blocker
ventricular arrhythmia (vent. tachycardia, vent. fibrillation, vent. ectopy)
35
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 2 Beta-adrenoceptor blocker

Slow down SA and AV node conduction, increase the refractory period.most commonly used to treat arrhythmia patients.

36
Q

Amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 3 K channel blocker

Prolong repolorizationeffective in tx and prevention of vent. fibrillation and vent. tachycardia

37
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 5 unclassified Control vent. rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter

38
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Antiarrhythmic drug_Class 5 Unclassified

Drug of choice for tx. paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

39
Q

Aspirin

A

Antiplatelet drug

Inhibit thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets, thus prolongs bleeding time.reduces the risk of MI and stroke

40
Q

Clopidegrol (Plavix)

A

Anti platelet drug
Inhibit the binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets and inhibit the activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors required for platelets to bind to fibrinogen thus it blocks platelet aggregation

41
Q

Abciximab (Reopro)

A

Anti platelet drug_Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonist

Blocking the binding of fibrinogen to the flycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor on the surface of the platelet

42
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant

43
Q

Protamine

A

Heparin antidote

44
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A

Anticoagulant

45
Q

u/e Anticoagulantsie. Haparin, Enoxaparin

A

Hemorrhage

46
Q

Warferin (Coumadin)

A

Oral Anticoagulant

Interfere vit K dependent clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X) synthesis*should avoid cranberry juice

47
Q

Warferin antidote

A

Vitamin K

48
Q

Argatroban

A

Anticoagulant_Thrombin inhibitor

49
Q

Streptokinase

A

Thrombolytic drug

*not much used

50
Q

Tissue Plasminogen activator (t-PA)

A

Thrombolytic drug

51
Q

Aminocaproic acid

A

Drugs used to treat bleeding

Inhibits plasminogen activation

52
Q

Vitamin K

A

Drug used to treat bleeding

Can overcome the anticoagulant effects of oral agents

53
Q

Erythropoietin

A

tx. anemia; end stage renal failure

Stimulates erythropoiesis

54
Q

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

A

tx. anemia; megaloblastic anemia

55
Q

Epoetin alpha, darbepoetin alpha

A

tx anemia; anemia cause by end-stage renal disease

56
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug_HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
First choice for hypercholesterolemia
Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG
Increase HDL

57
Q

Atrovastatin (Lipitor)

A 
Antihyperlipidemic drug_HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
First choice for hypercholesterolemia
Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG
Increase HDL
*most potent
58
Q

Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

A 
Antihyperlipidemic drug_HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
First choice for hypercholesterolemia
Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG
Increase HDL
*most potent
59
Q

u/e simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin

A

LV fx abnormalities, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (disintegration of muscles)
*NO grapefruit juice

60
Q

Gemfibrozil (lopid)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug_Fibrate

Inhibit VLDL synthesis, reduce TG level

61
Q

Niacin (Nicobid)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug
Strongly inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue
Decrease cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL
Increase HDL

62
Q

u/e Niacin (Nicobid)

A

flush and pruritus

63
Q

Cholestyramine (Questran)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug_Bile acid sequestrants
Decrease cholesterol and LDL
Increase TG, HDL

64
Q

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

A

Antihyperlipidemic drug_Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
Decrease LDL, TG
Increase HDL

Final Pharamcology (8 decks)

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