endocrine, respiratory, digestion, circulatory, lymphatic Flashcards

chapter2

1
Q

what gland plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism?

A

Pineal gland

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2
Q

what gland affects almost every process in the body: growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, breast milk production, metabolism etc

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

which gland is located in the neck that secretes hormones that regulates the body’s metabolism, heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, and maintenance of bone mass?

A

Thyroid gland

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4
Q

Which glands regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels so the nervous and muscle systems can function properly?

A

Parathyroid glands

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5
Q

what “gland” secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbs, proteins, and fats….insulin and glucose production?

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

Which glands are located at the top of the kidneys assisting in regulation of metabolism, stress response, blood pressure, and support immune system health through generation of specific hormones, affects skin melanization?

A

Adrenal glands

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7
Q

what “glands” function in sexual reproduction, as well as determining male and female characteristics?

A

ovaries and testes

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8
Q

how do hormones affect us as we age?

A

loss of collagen and elastin, hair thinning, melasma can all occur

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9
Q

what hormones does the reproductive system produce?

A

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

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10
Q

describe what happens when you breathe:

A

during inhalation oxygen is absorbed into the blood, during exhalation, carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs

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11
Q

what are the 5 steps of digestion?

A

Ingestion: eating/taking food into the body
Peristalsis: moving food along digestive tract
digestion: breakdown of food by chemical and physical means
absorption: take in nutrients to tissues and cells
Defecation: elimination of solid waste

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12
Q

what 5 organs make up the excretory system?

A

kidneys: excrete urine(water /waste)
liver: discharges bile which breaks down digestive fat
skin: eliminates salts and minerals through perspiration
large intestine: eliminates decomposed and undigested food
lungs: exhale carbon dioxide

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13
Q

what six things make up the immune/lymphatic system?

A

liver: digestion, synthesizes options
lymph nodes; fight infection& detoxify blood
thymus gland
lymph; interstitial fluid
spleen
lymph vessels

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14
Q

what are the two kinds of circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation: carries the blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated
Systemic circulation: carries oxygenated blood from the heart, throughout the body, and back to the heart again.

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15
Q

what are the 5 blood vessels?

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins.

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16
Q

what blood vessel is thick-walled, muscular, flexible, and carries blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

17
Q

what are small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries?

A

arterioles

18
Q

what are tiny thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules and bring nutrients to cells and take waste away?

A

capillaries

19
Q

what small blood vessels collect blood from the capillaries and drain into veins?

A

venules

20
Q

what blood vessels are thin walled and closest to the surface of the skin, contain valves, and bring waste products back to heart and lungs for cleaning?

A

veins

21
Q

3 fun facts about blood

A

8-10 pints in human body
sticky and salty (????)
normally 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

22
Q

what are the 5 functions of blood?

A

carries water, oxygen, nutrition, and minerals to all cells&tissues
carries away waste&carbon dioxide to be eliminated
helps equalize temperature
aids in protecting body from bacteria and infections (wbc)
closes injured tiny blood vessels via clotting

23
Q

4 parts of blood and what they do:

A

red blood cells: carry oxygen to body
white blood cells: destroy disease causing microorganisms
platelets: clotting
plasma: fluid part of blood, 90% water containing protein, sugars and minerals, delivery system for everything

24
Q

what is the main source of blood to the head, face, and neck?

A

common carotid arteries

25
Q

what returns blood to the heart from head, neck, and face?

A

internal and external jugular vein