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Esthetics > disorders & diseases of the skin > Flashcards

disorders & diseases of the skin Flashcards

chapter4

1
Q

what is the branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and it’s disorders?

A

dermatology

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2
Q

what is the name for any mark, wound, or structural change in the tissue from damage/injury?

A

lesion

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3
Q

what is the name for a lesion involving the blood/circulatory system?

A

tertiary/vascular lesion

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4
Q

what is the name for a lesion in the initial stages of development or change?

A

primary lesion

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5
Q

what is the name for a lesion characterized by piles of material on the skin surface?

A

secondary lesion

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6
Q

what causes skin cancer?

A

90% from sun damage & over exposure: damages dna, cells split rapidly and unevenly

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7
Q

what is the deadliest skin cancer that can metastasize throughout the body?

A

malignant melanoma

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8
Q

what is the most common and least severe type of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma

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9
Q

what skin cancer is characterized by scaly, red/pink papule or nodules and may spread to other area of the body?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

what are the abcde’s of melanoma detection?

A

asymmetry: two sides lesion are not symmetrical
border: irregular border
color: usually dark or dark variations
diameter: usually at least the size of a pencil eraser
evolving: often changes appearance

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11
Q

what is the name for inflamed skin disorder of the sebaceous glands, characterized by excess sebum production?

A

acne

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12
Q

what grade of acne would include many closed comedones, more open comedones, and occasional papule and pustules?

A

2

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13
Q

what grade of acne is red and inflamed with many comedones, papule, and pustules?

A

3

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14
Q

what grade of acne consists of cysts, comedones, papule, pustules, inflammation, and scar formation?

A

4

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15
Q

what grade of acne consists of minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones, and a few papules?

A

1

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16
Q

why are medical professionals reducing the use of antibiotic treatments for acne?

A

risk of antibiotic resistance

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17
Q

how can antibiotics be used?

A

topically and orally

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18
Q

describe PCOS and it’s symptoms:

A

increased androgen production that causes cysts to form on the ovaries. symptoms include irregular menstral cycles, difficulty with fertility, insulin resistant, challenges losing weight, sleep apnea, acne, male pattern baldness, excessive hair growth in other areas, higher testosterone, mood changes, fatigue, low sex drive

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19
Q

how can an aesthetician help someone with PCOS?

A

we can perform waxing or laser hair removal treatments, skincare treatments that influence formation of comedones and keep stratum corneum thin, microdermabrasion, high frequency, ultrasonic skin scrubber, emotional support

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20
Q

what skin condition starts with flushing and increasing bouts of redness?

A

rosacea

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21
Q

what is hyperpigmentation?

A

overproduction of pigment

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22
Q

what is hypopigmentation?

A

lack of pigment

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23
Q

what are hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation often called?

A

dyschromia

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24
Q

what treatment is not appropriate for clients with PCOS?

A

use of occlusive products

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25
Q

what may cause pigment disorders? (2)

A

sun exposure, drugs, genes

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26
Q

what is the name for the hypopigmentation disorder that is characterized by lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?

A

albinism

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27
Q

what is the name for the hypopigmentation disorder that results in abnormal patches of depigmented skin from loss of pigment due to immunological or post-inflammatory causes?

A

leukoderma

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28
Q

what is the name for the hypopigmentation disorder characterized by irregular white patches and worsens with time and exposure to sun, and may occur at any age?

A

vitiligo

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29
Q

what lesions are in the initial stages of development or change and characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin colour or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity?

A

primary lesions: bulla, cyst/tubercle, macule, nodule, papule, pustule, tumor, vesicle, wheel

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30
Q

what lesions are characterized by piles of material on the skin surface or by depressions in the skin surface?

A

secondary lesions: crust, excoriation, fissure, keloid, scale, scar, ulcer

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31
Q

what’s the name for a precancerous lesion that is pink or flesh coloured?

A

actinic keratosis

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32
Q

what is the term for the entire follicle that includes the hair shaft, sebaceous gland, sebaceous duct/canal to the surface?

A

pilosebaceous unit

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33
Q

what is a white head?

A

closed comedo; opening of follicle is blocked with debris and white cells

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34
Q

what is a blackhead?

A

open comedo; follicle filled with excess oil and open/exposed to air

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35
Q

what are small solidifies impactions of oil without cell matter?

A

sebaceous filaments

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36
Q

what are small epidermal cysts that appear as firm white papules/whitish/pearl like masses or sebum and dead cells, common for dry skin types?

A

milia

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37
Q

what is a hereditary condition in which dead skin cells build up because they don’t shed from the follicles like normal skin?

A

retention hyperkeratosis

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38
Q

what are benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face; donut shaped with in indent in the centre?

A

sebaceous hyperplasia

39
Q

what is severe oiliness of the skin, when it’s in the scalp it’s called dandruff?

A

seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis

40
Q

8 common medications for acne?

A

adapalene, azelaic acid, birth control pills, clindamycin, isotretinoin, spironolactone, tazarotene, tretinoin

41
Q

what might trigger rosacea to worsen?

A

spicy food, alcohol, caffeine, temperature extremes, heat, sun, stress

42
Q

what do you call broken capillaries .5-1mm in diameter particularly around nose, cheeks or chin?

A

telangiectasia/couperose skin

43
Q

what may cause telangiectasia?

A

injury, heredity, rosacea, hormonal changes, exposure to extreme cold or heat

44
Q

what do you call abnormally dilated and twisted and twisted veins that may develop from pregnancy, long periods of standing or sitting and possibly genetic?

A

varicose veins

45
Q

what hormonal hyperpigmentation may appear during pregnancy or with use of birth control pills?

A

melasma

46
Q

what do you call a flat pigmented area similar to a freckle; small yellow brown spots/age spots?

A

lentigo

47
Q

what are known as freckles on areas exposed to the sun?

A

ephlids

48
Q

what do you call a birthmark/malformation of the skin from abnormal pigmentation/dilated capillaries that is present at birth or shortly after?

A

nevus

49
Q

what is a port wine stain?

A

vascular nevus

50
Q

what is a skin condition cased by actinic bronzing to the sides of the face/neck; skin turns a reddish-brown hue with a distinct white patch under the chin?

A

poikiloderma of civatte

51
Q

what is darkened pigmentation due to an injury of the skin or residual healing after an acne lesion has been resolved?

A

post inflammatory hyperpigemntation

52
Q

what do you call a change in pigment due to melanin production as a defence against uv rays?

A

tan

53
Q

what do you call a fungal infection that inhibits melanin production; characterized by white, brown, or salmon coloured flakey patches?

A

tinea versicolor

54
Q

what is a generalized term to refer to an inflammatory condition of the skin?

A

dermatitis

55
Q

what do you call occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions?

A

contact dermatitis

56
Q

what is caused by exposure and direct contact with an allergen

A

allergic contact dermatitis

57
Q

what is a chronic relapsing form of dermatitis, caused by irritants and allergens?

A

atopic dermatitis

58
Q

what is the name for an inflammatory, painful, itching, with dry or moist lesions?

A

eczema

59
Q

what is the name for contact with an irritant that may cause redness, swelling, scaling, itching, and in serious cases, chemical burns?

A

irritant contact dermatitis

60
Q

what’s the name for an acne like condition around the mouth consisting mainly of small clusters of papules?

A

perioral dermatitis

61
Q

what is a form of eczema characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting and itchiness, on eyebow, along scalp?

A

seborrheic dermatitis

62
Q

what is the name for a skin condition caused by poor circulation in the lower legs that can create a chronic inflammatory state; caused by hemosiderin?

A

stasis dermatitis

63
Q

what is a hypertrophy?

A

abnormal growth, many benign, some may be dangerous

64
Q

what is the thickening of skin caused by a mass of keratinocytes?

A

hyperkeratosis

65
Q

what do you call a callous caused by pressure or friction, an acquired thickened patch of epidermis?

A

keratoma

66
Q

what do you call an abnormal thick buildup of skin cells?

A

keratosis

67
Q

what is the name for redness and bumpiness in the cheeks, upper arms, or thighs caused by blocked follicles; “chicken skin”?

A

keratosis pilaris

68
Q

what do you call a pigmented nevus ranging in colour from brown, tan, to bluish black?

A

mole

69
Q

what is the name for an itchy skin disease characterized by red patched covered in white-silver scales caused by over proliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast, usually on scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back?

A

psoriasis

70
Q

what do you call a small outgrowth or extension of the skin that looks like a flap?

A

skin tag

71
Q

what is the proper name for inflammation of the mucus membrane around the eye due to chemical, bacterial, or viral causes; pinkeye?

A

conjuctivitis

72
Q

what’s the name for a contagious disease that involves fever blisters or cold sores/lesions around the mouth?

A

herpes simplex virus 1

73
Q

what is the proper name for genital herpes?

A

herpes simplex virus 2

74
Q

what is the name for a painful skin condition due to reactivation of the chickenpox virus; shingles?

A

herpes zoster

75
Q

what do you call a bacteria infection of the skin that often occurs in children and consist of small blisters or crusty lesions filled with bacteria?

A

impetigo

76
Q

what do you call a fungal infection that produces symptoms of thick, brittle, discoloured nails; fungus live off the keratin in the nail?

A

onychomycosis

77
Q

what is a fungal infection?

A

tinea

78
Q

what is the name for a skin irritation caused by fungus that spreads into a circular infection that is red, scaly, my be dry, or moist, and may be carried by pets; ringworm?

A

tinea corporis

79
Q

what is a hypertrophy of papillae and epidermis caused by a virus, may appear singly or in clusters; wart?

A

verruca

80
Q

what is dermatillomania?

A

form of OCD in which a person picks at their skin to the point of injury, infection, or scarring

81
Q

what is the name for when a client has a preoccupation with their appearance; focus on minor flaws and see them as disfiguring?

A

body dysmorphic disorder

82
Q

what is a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus caused by bacteria in glands or hair follicles; boil?

A

furuncle

83
Q

what is a group of boils?

A

carbuncle

84
Q

what is swelling from a fluid imbalance in the cells or from a response to injury, infection, or medication?

A

edema

85
Q

what is redness caused by inflammation?

A

erythema

86
Q

what is is called when hair grows under the surface instead of growing up and out causing a bacterial infection?

A

folliculitis

87
Q

what resembles folliculitis but without puss or infection; razor bumps?

A

pseudofolliculitis

88
Q

what is the medical term for persistent itching?

A

pruritus

89
Q

what is a sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumour filled with sebum; usually appears in scalp, neck, back; wen.

A

steatoma

90
Q

what is it called to have a deficiency in perspiration due to failure of sweat glands?

A

anhidrosis

91
Q

what is foul smelling perspiration caused by bacteria and yeast that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin, usually in armpits and feet?

A

bromhydrosis

92
Q

what is chronic excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, stress, or medication?

A

hyperhydrosis

93
Q

what is excessive perspiration due to an underlying medical condition?

A

diaphoresis

94
Q

what is an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands that results in eruption of red vesicles, burning, itching, from excessive heat exposure; prickly heat?

A

miliaria rubra

Esthetics (16 decks)

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