disorders & diseases of the skin Flashcards
chapter4
what is the branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and it’s disorders?
dermatology
what is the name for any mark, wound, or structural change in the tissue from damage/injury?
lesion
what is the name for a lesion involving the blood/circulatory system?
tertiary/vascular lesion
what is the name for a lesion in the initial stages of development or change?
primary lesion
what is the name for a lesion characterized by piles of material on the skin surface?
secondary lesion
what causes skin cancer?
90% from sun damage & over exposure: damages dna, cells split rapidly and unevenly
what is the deadliest skin cancer that can metastasize throughout the body?
malignant melanoma
what is the most common and least severe type of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
what skin cancer is characterized by scaly, red/pink papule or nodules and may spread to other area of the body?
squamous cell carcinoma
what are the abcde’s of melanoma detection?
asymmetry: two sides lesion are not symmetrical
border: irregular border
color: usually dark or dark variations
diameter: usually at least the size of a pencil eraser
evolving: often changes appearance
what is the name for inflamed skin disorder of the sebaceous glands, characterized by excess sebum production?
acne
what grade of acne would include many closed comedones, more open comedones, and occasional papule and pustules?
2
what grade of acne is red and inflamed with many comedones, papule, and pustules?
3
what grade of acne consists of cysts, comedones, papule, pustules, inflammation, and scar formation?
4
what grade of acne consists of minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones, and a few papules?
1
why are medical professionals reducing the use of antibiotic treatments for acne?
risk of antibiotic resistance
how can antibiotics be used?
topically and orally
describe PCOS and it’s symptoms:
increased androgen production that causes cysts to form on the ovaries. symptoms include irregular menstral cycles, difficulty with fertility, insulin resistant, challenges losing weight, sleep apnea, acne, male pattern baldness, excessive hair growth in other areas, higher testosterone, mood changes, fatigue, low sex drive
how can an aesthetician help someone with PCOS?
we can perform waxing or laser hair removal treatments, skincare treatments that influence formation of comedones and keep stratum corneum thin, microdermabrasion, high frequency, ultrasonic skin scrubber, emotional support
what skin condition starts with flushing and increasing bouts of redness?
rosacea
what is hyperpigmentation?
overproduction of pigment
what is hypopigmentation?
lack of pigment
what are hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation often called?
dyschromia
what treatment is not appropriate for clients with PCOS?
use of occlusive products
what may cause pigment disorders? (2)
sun exposure, drugs, genes
what is the name for the hypopigmentation disorder that is characterized by lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
albinism
what is the name for the hypopigmentation disorder that results in abnormal patches of depigmented skin from loss of pigment due to immunological or post-inflammatory causes?
leukoderma
what is the name for the hypopigmentation disorder characterized by irregular white patches and worsens with time and exposure to sun, and may occur at any age?
vitiligo
what lesions are in the initial stages of development or change and characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin colour or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity?
primary lesions: bulla, cyst/tubercle, macule, nodule, papule, pustule, tumor, vesicle, wheel
what lesions are characterized by piles of material on the skin surface or by depressions in the skin surface?
secondary lesions: crust, excoriation, fissure, keloid, scale, scar, ulcer
what’s the name for a precancerous lesion that is pink or flesh coloured?
actinic keratosis
what is the term for the entire follicle that includes the hair shaft, sebaceous gland, sebaceous duct/canal to the surface?
pilosebaceous unit
what is a white head?
closed comedo; opening of follicle is blocked with debris and white cells
what is a blackhead?
open comedo; follicle filled with excess oil and open/exposed to air
what are small solidifies impactions of oil without cell matter?
sebaceous filaments
what are small epidermal cysts that appear as firm white papules/whitish/pearl like masses or sebum and dead cells, common for dry skin types?
milia
what is a hereditary condition in which dead skin cells build up because they don’t shed from the follicles like normal skin?
retention hyperkeratosis