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Esthetics > cells, systems, misc > Flashcards

cells, systems, misc Flashcards

anatomy and physiology chapter 2

1
Q

What is the study of the structure and composition of tissue also known as microscopic anatomy

A

Histology

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2
Q

what is the study of structures of the human body and substances these structures are made of; science of interconnected detail of organisms or their parts

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

what is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes

A

Physiology

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4
Q

What are cells responsible for?

A

They are responsible for carrying on all life processes

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5
Q

4 parts to a cell

A

cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, protoplasm

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6
Q

what does the nucleus do?

A

the “yolk” or brain of the cell, contains dna, aids in cell reproduction and metabolism

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7
Q

what does protoplasm do?

A

it is a watery, gel like substance containing the nutrient material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair

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8
Q

what does mitochondria do?

A

take in nutrients, break them down, and create energy (ATP) for the cell

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9
Q

what does the cell membrane do?

A

encloses the protoplasm and all the innards of the cell, has selectively permeable membrane that allows beneficial substances in and waste out

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10
Q

What process is the splitting of a cell and what’s produced

A

Mitosis; daughter cells

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11
Q

what is a chemical process that takes place in cells to convert nutrients to energy?

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Supports, protects, and binds together, other tissues like bone, cartilage, ligaments, (AKA Adipose tissue)

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13
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Protective lining on cavities of the body and surfaces of organs, like skin, mucous membrane

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14
Q

what does muscle tissue do?

A

contracts and moves various parts of the body

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15
Q

what is nerve tissue?

A

bundles of white tube like structures that are closed on one end; carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all body functions. composed of neurons

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16
Q

what is the circulatory system?

A

controls movement of blood thoughout the body

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17
Q

what is the lymphatic/immune system?

A

protects the body from disease by developing immunity and destroying pathogens and toxins

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18
Q

what is the endocrine system?

A

controls hormone levels that determine growth, development, sexual function, and overall health of the body

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19
Q

what is the excretory system?

A

eliminates waste from the body reducing build up of toxins

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20
Q

what is the respiratory system?

A

makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through breathing, eliminates carbon dioxide

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21
Q

what is the muscular system?

A

covers, shapes, and holds the skeleton in place; contracts and moves various parts of the body

22
Q

what is the integumentary system?

A

provides protective covering and regulates body temperature

23
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

coordinates with all other body systems, allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment

24
Q

what is the digestive system?

A

breaks down food into nutrients for nutrition, or waste for excretion

25
Q

what is the skeletal system?

A

forms the physical foundation (rigid framework) of the body; consists of bones that are connected by moveable and immovable joints

26
Q

what are the two kinds of nerves and how do they carry impulses?

A

Sensory and Motor

27
Q

what are the three parts on voluntary muscles?

A

origin, belly, insertion

28
Q

in what direction do you massage voluntary muscles?

A

insertion(furthest from body, movable)>belly>origin( attached, less movable)

29
Q

what are the five accessory organs?

A

Hair, nails, sensory receptors, oil, and sweat glands

30
Q

How many bones are there in an adult skeleton?

A

206

31
Q

How are muscles connected to bones?

A

Tendons

32
Q

how are bones connected to each other?

A

ligaments

33
Q

The connection between two or more bones is called?

A

Joint

34
Q

What are the two kinds of joints?

A

Movable and immovable

35
Q

what is tissue?

A

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

36
Q

what is an organ?

A

a collection of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions

37
Q

what is a body system?

A

a group of organs working together for one or more functions

38
Q

what are the steps in digestion?

A

ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, defecation

39
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system

40
Q

define arteries:

A

thick-walled muscular, flexible tubes, that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles

41
Q

Define capillaries:

A

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect smaller arteries to venules. they bring nutrients to the cell and carry waste away

42
Q

Define veins:

A

thin-walled blood vessels, less elastic than arteries; contain cup-like valves that keep deoxygenated blood flowing in one direction. veins carry blood containing waste products back to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen

43
Q

Define arterioles:

A

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

44
Q

Define venules:

A

small vessels that connect to the capillaries to the veins, they collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into the veins.

45
Q

How is the lymphatic system different than the circulatory system?

A

lymphatic system relies on the circulatory system to help get around because it doesn’t have it’s own pump

46
Q

what are the benefits of lymphatic drainage and the importance when treating the skin?

A

aids in reducing swelling, inflammation, and accumulations in the blood vessels, drains tissue of excess interstitial fluid, waste, and impurities. also stimulates circulation

47
Q

List all the ways the body excretes waste:

A

kidneys; excrete urine; eliminating water and waste
liver; discharges bile which breaks down digestive fat
skin; eliminates salts and minerals though perspiration
large intestine; eliminates decomposed, undigested food
lungs; exhale carbon dioxide

48
Q

describe the central nervous system

A

controls consciousness, voluntary, and involuntary muscle actions, including the senses, body movements, and facial expressions.

49
Q

describe the peripheral nervous system

A

system of nerves; function is to carry impulses to and from the outer parts of the body and the central nervous system. has sensory and motor nerves.

50
Q

describe the autonomic nervous system

A

controls involuntary muscles, regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing

Esthetics (16 decks)

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