Endocrine hypertension Flashcards
What 3 endocrine conditions are really associated with HTN? What are some others?
Pheochromocytoma, mineralcorticoid excess, glucocorticoid excess
Acromegaly, DM, obesity, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, estrogen-induced HTN, pregnancy induced HTN, renin secreting tumors, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, liddle syndome
____ is a catecholamine producing tumor of chromaffin cells that typically produced HTN.
pheochromocytoma
What percent of pheochromocytomas are malignant? extra-adrenal?
10;10
Describe familial syndrome assosiated with pheochromocytoma?
usually AD, MEN 2A (hyperparathyroidism and medullary thyroid carcinoma), multiple endocrine neoplasia (type 2B; multiple mucosal neuromas and medullary thyroid carcinoma), familial pheochromocytoma without associated disorder
How is pheochromocytoma treated pre-op, intra-op, and post-op?
pre: alpha, beta blockade; fluids
Intraop: IV, fluids
Postop: fluids pressors
What are 3 general conventional risk factors for hypoglycemia?
inadequate caloric consumption, increased insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose production
Neurogenic symptoms of hypoglycemia
sweating, palpitation, tremulousness, hunger, nervousness
Neuroglycopenic symptoms?
impaired concentration, tiredness, dizziness, tingling, blurred vision
Severe neuroglycopenia
seizure coma
4 major components of syndrome of hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure
- recent antecedent hypoglycemia
- hypoglycemia unawareness (impaired symptomatic responses)
- Defective glucose counter-regulation (impaired hormonal responses)
- Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia
How common is secondary HTN?
less than 5% of all HTN
Describe degradation of catecholamines
By MOA and COMT–> VMA, normetanephrine, metanephrine (can be measured in urine and serum)
What is the difference in hemodynamic response to E and to NE?
E: increased systolic, but not anything else
NE: increased systolic, diasoltic, and reflex restraint of increase of HR
Epineprhine is synthesized where? Ne?
E: adrenal medulla
Ne: nerves
4 reasons why pheochromocytoma is important to diagnosis
- curable
- risk for lethal HTN paroxysm
- Some are malignant (10%)
- Clue to presence of familial syndrome