Endocrine Control of Metabolism

Question 1

Major carb processes occurring during and after a meal

Answer 1

increase glycogen stores, glucose uptake and utilization

Question 2

Major fat processes occurring during and after a meal

Answer 2

Increase fat stores, lipogenesis

Decrease ketogenesis and lipolysis (except for chylomicron and VLDL tag)

Question 3

Major protein processes occurring during and after a meal

Answer 3

Increase protein stores

Question 4

Major carb processes occurring between meals

Answer 4

decrease glycogen stores

Question 5

Major fat processes occurring between meals

Answer 5

Decrease fat stores: decrease lipogenesis, increase FFA/lipolysis, ketogenesis

Question 6

Major protein processes occurring between meals

Answer 6

Decrease protein stores

Question 7

Is insulin short or long acting?

Answer 7

Short

Question 8

What short acting hormones act on metabolism?

Answer 8

Insulin, Epi, NE, glucagon

Question 9

What long acting hormones act on metabolism

Answer 9

GH, TH, glucocorticoids, sex steroids

Question 10

Primary MOA of short acting hormones

Answer 10

act on enzyme/protein ACTIVITY

Question 11

Primary MOA of long acting hormones

Answer 11

act on enzyme/protein AMOUNT

Question 12

What hormones have a change in plasma concentration during and after a meal?

Answer 12

Glucagon, EPI, NE may decrease

Insulin will increase

Question 13

What hormones have a change in plasma concetration between meals?

Answer 13

Glucagon, EPI, and NE may increase

Insulin will decrease

Question 14

Glucocorticoids ____ gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

promote

Question 15

What actions to glucocorticoids have on the liver that increase gluconeogenesis?

Answer 15

induce synthesis of key gluconeogenic and aa metabolizing enzymes, increase hepatic responsiveness to glucagon, increase activity of enzymes

Question 16

What are actions of glucocoritcoids to increase gluconeogenesis peripherally?

Answer 16

MUSCLE: increase aa release from NET protein breakdown
Adipose: increase glycerol release, increase lipolysis

Question 17

What enzymes are altered by glucagon via increased cAMP and PKA?

Answer 17

Increase phosphorylase activity, decreased glycogen synthetase activity, decrease formation of F26BP, decrease pyruvate kinase activity, decrease ACoA carboxylase activity

Question 18

What enzyme decreases in exercise?

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

What enzyme increases in exercise?

Answer 19

EPI, NE, glucagon, cortisol, GH

Question 20

___ is the most efficient energy storage.

Answer 20

Fat

Question 21

There is about ____ hour worth of circulating glucose

Answer 21

1

Question 22

____ is the most immediate source of glucose most of the time.

Answer 22

Hepatic glycogen

Question 23

What does cortisol alone do to blood glucose?

Answer 23

A very small affect on blood glucose, barely anything

Question 24

What do glucagon and epinephrine do to blood glucose separately? Together?

Answer 24

Increase blood glucose moderately, Epi more than glucagon. Together is more than additive in increase in blood glucose

Question 25

What does glucagon, epi, and cortisol do to blood glucose?

Answer 25

BIGGEST increase in blood glucose. This is why you need cortisol everyday.

Question 26

What are the 2 most lipolytic enzymes? What 3 enzymes make those more effective?

Answer 26

EPI, NE……. T3, cortisol, GH