Endocrine Control of Metabolism Flashcards
Major carb processes occurring during and after a meal
increase glycogen stores, glucose uptake and utilization
Major fat processes occurring during and after a meal
Increase fat stores, lipogenesis
Decrease ketogenesis and lipolysis (except for chylomicron and VLDL tag)
Major protein processes occurring during and after a meal
Increase protein stores
Major carb processes occurring between meals
decrease glycogen stores
Major fat processes occurring between meals
Decrease fat stores: decrease lipogenesis, increase FFA/lipolysis, ketogenesis
Major protein processes occurring between meals
Decrease protein stores
Is insulin short or long acting?
Short
What short acting hormones act on metabolism?
Insulin, Epi, NE, glucagon
What long acting hormones act on metabolism
GH, TH, glucocorticoids, sex steroids
Primary MOA of short acting hormones
act on enzyme/protein ACTIVITY
Primary MOA of long acting hormones
act on enzyme/protein AMOUNT
What hormones have a change in plasma concentration during and after a meal?
Glucagon, EPI, NE may decrease
Insulin will increase
What hormones have a change in plasma concetration between meals?
Glucagon, EPI, and NE may increase
Insulin will decrease
Glucocorticoids ____ gluconeogenesis
promote
What actions to glucocorticoids have on the liver that increase gluconeogenesis?
induce synthesis of key gluconeogenic and aa metabolizing enzymes, increase hepatic responsiveness to glucagon, increase activity of enzymes
What are actions of glucocoritcoids to increase gluconeogenesis peripherally?
MUSCLE: increase aa release from NET protein breakdown
Adipose: increase glycerol release, increase lipolysis
What enzymes are altered by glucagon via increased cAMP and PKA?
Increase phosphorylase activity, decreased glycogen synthetase activity, decrease formation of F26BP, decrease pyruvate kinase activity, decrease ACoA carboxylase activity
What enzyme decreases in exercise?
Insulin
What enzyme increases in exercise?
EPI, NE, glucagon, cortisol, GH
___ is the most efficient energy storage.
Fat
There is about ____ hour worth of circulating glucose
1
____ is the most immediate source of glucose most of the time.
Hepatic glycogen
What does cortisol alone do to blood glucose?
A very small affect on blood glucose, barely anything
What do glucagon and epinephrine do to blood glucose separately? Together?
Increase blood glucose moderately, Epi more than glucagon. Together is more than additive in increase in blood glucose
What does glucagon, epi, and cortisol do to blood glucose?
BIGGEST increase in blood glucose. This is why you need cortisol everyday.
What are the 2 most lipolytic enzymes? What 3 enzymes make those more effective?
EPI, NE……. T3, cortisol, GH
